A blueprint for large language model-augmented telehealth for HIV mitigation in Indonesia: A scoping review of a novel therapeutic modality

Abstract

Background: The HIV epidemic in Indonesia is one of the fastest growing in Southeast Asia and is characterised by a number of geographic and sociocultural challenges. Can large language models (LLMs) be integrated with telehealth (TH) to address cost and quality of care? Methods: A literature review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR (2018) guidelines between Jan 2017 and June 2024 using the PubMed, ArXiv and semantic scholar databases. Results: Of the 694 records identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although the role of eHealth interventions as well as telehealth in HIV management appears well established, there is a significant literature gap on the integration of telehealth and LLM technology. To address this, we provide a blueprint for the safe and ethical integration of LLM-TH into triage, history taking, patient education highlighting opportunities for reduced consultation time and improved quality of care. Conclusions: Variable access to mobile technology and the need for empirical validation stand out as limitations for LLM-TH. However, we argue that the current evidence base suggests the benefits far outweigh the challenges in applying LLM-TH for HIV care in Indonesia. We also argue this novel therapeutic modality is broadly applicable to the subacute general practice setting.

Authors

Busch D, Za'in C, Chan HM, Haryanto A, Agustiono W, Yu K, Hamilton K, Kroon J, Xiang W

Year

2025

Topics

  • Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Determinants of Health
  • Determinants of Health
    • Income
    • Education
  • Population(s)
    • General HIV+ population
    • General HIV- population
  • Prevention, Engagement and Care Cascade
    • Prevention
  • Prevention
    • Education/media campaigns
  • Testing
    • Testing
  • Health Systems
    • Governance arrangements

Link

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