A review of the state of the science of HIV and stigma: Context, conceptualization, measurement, interventions, gaps, and future priorities

Stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities. As such, stigma is a major barrier to HIV prevention, care, and treatment. This review will examine the concept of stigma, explicating the mechanisms of action of HIV-related stigma while also examining intersectional stigma and structural stigma. Instruments to measure HIV-related stigma and its mechanisms of action, as well as stigma enacted and experienced by HIV health care providers, will also be reviewed. This article will conclude with a review of stigma interventions, gaps in the literature, and priorities for future HIV, intersectional, and structural stigma research.

• Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
  • Determinants of Health
• Determinants of Health
  • Health services
  • Stigma/discrimination
• Population(s)
  • General HIV+ population
  • General HIV- population
• Health Systems
  • Governance arrangements