Category Archives: Other

The dynamic role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in chronic viral-infections: Alarming and adjuvanting the immune response

2016

UNLABELLED: Interleukin 33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, is constitutively expressed in epithelial and in endothelial cells at barrier sites, acting as a danger signal and adjuvanting the...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected children

2017

INTRODUCTION: Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among HIV-infected children is 20-40 fold greater compared to HIV-uninfected children, including among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, HIV-exposed, uninfected children...

Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

Toxoplasma gondii has been suggested as an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We conducted a global meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of T. gondii infection...

Carcinogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in HIV-positive women: A meta-analysis from HPV infection to cervical cancer

2017

Background.: Data on the relative carcinogenic potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) types among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WHIV) are needed to inform prevention programs for this population....

Toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse rates with pyrimethamine-based therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection and can be a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. This study evaluated the rate of relapse associated with pyrimethamine-based maintenance therapy...

A systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and case fatality rates of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease in Africa (1966 to 2014)

2017

This study systematically reviews the literature on the occurrence, incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in Africa from 1966 to 2014. Data on the...

Increased risk of group B streptococcus invasive infection in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants: A review of the evidence and possible mechanisms

2016

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and mortality worldwide. Studies from both developed and developing countries have shown that HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are...

Clostridium difficile: A healthcare-associated infection of unknown significance in adults in sub-Saharan Africa

2016

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes a high burden of disease in high-resource healthcare systems, with significant morbidity, mortality, and financial implications. CDI is a healthcare-associated infection for which the...

HIV and men

2016

INTRODUCTION: Since the initial description of HIV and AIDS, monumental efforts have been made both in the developed and developing countries to devise strategies and medications to control the disease....

Systematic review of outbreaks of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Evidence that P. jirovecii is a transmissible organism and the implications for healthcare infection control

2016

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Several nosocomial outbreaks of PCP have been reported in human-immunodeficiency-virus-negative, immunocompromised patients. The primary...

Decentralized control of human visceral leishmaniasis in endemic urban areas of Brazil: A literature review

2016

OBJECTIVES: Human migration and concomitant HIV infections are likely to bring about major changes in the epidemiology of some parasitic infections in Brazil. Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) control is particularly...

Oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) differs from anogenital HPV infection. The impact of HPV vaccination has, to date,...

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