Category Archives: Tuberculosis
Global epidemiology of HIV infection and related syndemics affecting transgender people
INTRODUCTION: Transgender populations have been underrepresented in HIV epidemiologic studies and consequently in HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs. Since 2012, there has been a dramatic increase in research focused...
Accuracy of the interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis among HIV-seropositive individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Although the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) has become a widely accepted means for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the role of the IGRA in diagnosing active tuberculosis...
Initiation and completion rates for latent tuberculosis infection treatment: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Control of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important step towards tuberculosis elimination. Preventive treatment will prevent the development of disease in most cases diagnosed with LTBI. However, low...
Adverse drug reactions during drug-resistant TB treatment in high HIV prevalence settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reactions or events (ADR) during drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment in the context of settings with high HIV prevalence (at least 20% of...
Clinical management of adults and children with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: Globally there is a burgeoning epidemic of drug monoresistant tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Almost 20% of all TB strains worldwide are resistant to...
Adverse effects of oral second-line antituberculosis drugs in children
INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of children with drug-resistant tuberculosis are accessing second-line antituberculosis drugs; these are more toxic than first-line drugs. Little is known about the safety of new antituberculosis drugs...
Discontinuation from antiretroviral therapy: A continuing challenge among adults in HIV care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the immunological benefit of treatment and increases complications related to human immune-deficiency virus (HIV). However, the risk factors for ART discontinuation are poorly...
Less research on tuberculosis than HIV and malaria when research agendas are poorly coordinated: A systematic review of research outputs from Cambodia
OBJECTIVE: Coordination of health interventions and research is often weak during periods of political transition and unprecedented aid inflows, which Cambodia has recently experienced. Although HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria...
Mortality in children diagnosed with tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Case fatality ratios in children with tuberculosis are poorly understood-particularly those among children with HIV and children not receiving tuberculosis treatment. We did a systematic review of published work...
Association between diabetes mellitus and active tuberculosis in Africa and the effect of HIV
OBJECTIVE: To determine current evidence for the association between diabetes and active tuberculosis in Africa, and how HIV modifies, or not, any association between diabetes and active tuberculosis. METHODS: We...
