Category Archives: Tuberculosis
Meta-analysis: The association between HIV infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been an AIDS-defining condition. Individual studies that highlight the association between HIV and extrapulmonary TB are available. Our objectives were to synthesis evidence on the association...
Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB
Background: Preventing active tuberculosis (TB) from developing in people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for global TB control. Isoniazid (INH) for six to nine months has 60% to...
Antiretroviral therapy in prevention of HIV and TB: Update on current research efforts
There is considerable scientific evidence supporting the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. The complex nature of the HIV and...
Treatment outcomes from community-based drug resistant tuberculosis treatment programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that community-based treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is a feasible and cost-effective alternative to centralized, hospital-based care. Although several large programs have reported favourable...
Pulmonary tuberculosis in severely-malnourished or HIV-infected children with pneumonia: A review
Presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as acute pneumonia in severely-malnourished and HIV-positive children has received very little attention, although this is very important in the management of pneumonia in children...
Opiate substitution treatment and HIV transmission in people who inject drugs: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective To quantify the effect of opiate substitution treatment in relation to HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective published and unpublished observational...
Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: hospital care for children: What is the evidence that BCG vaccination should not be used in HIV-infected children?
The World Health Organization has produced guidelines for the management of common illnesses in hospitals with limited resources. This series reviews the scientific evidence behind WHO’s recommendations. The WHO guidelines,...
Development of a standardized screening rule for tuberculosis in people living with HIV in resource-constrained settings: Individual participant data meta-analysis of observational studies
The World Health Organization recommends the screening of all people living with HIV for tuberculosis (TB) disease, followed by TB treatment, or isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) when TB is excluded....
A meta-analysis of drug resistant tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: How strongly associated with previous treatment and HIV co-infection?
BACKGROUND: In Sub-Saharan Africa, the fight against tuberculosis (TB) has encountered a great challenge because of the emergence of drug resistant TB strains and the high prevalence of HIV infection....
Is HIV infection a risk factor for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis? A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of human suffering and death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have emerged as threats...
