Category Archives: Co-infections

BACKGROUND: To understand regional burdens and inform delivery of health services, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on incidence of key...

INTRODUCTION: Opportunistic infections can occur in up to 40% of people with HIV infection and a CD4 count less than 250/mm(3), although the risks are much lower with use of...

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant progress in improving access to antiretroviral therapy over the past decade, substantial numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in all regions continue to experience severe illness...

INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common AIDS-defining opportunistic illness in people with HIV infection, but its incidence has fallen with use of prophylactic treatment. Without treatment, PCP is likely...

BACKGROUND: A summary of factors associated with recurrent tuberculosis (TB) in the African HIV-infected population is lacking. We performed a systematic review to address this. METHODS: We performed a literature...

Cytomegalovirus is highly prevalent worldwide and an important opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The effects of cytomegalovirus infection on HIV-exposed infants are poorly understood. We conducted a...

The association of tuberculosis (TB) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome over the past several years has become an emerging syndemic. Approximately 10% of people...

Background: Helminth infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and lymphatic filariasis, are prevalent in many countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is also common. There is some evidence from...

INTRODUCTION: In people infected with both HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the annual risk of developing active tuberculosis is 5% to 10% – more than 10 times the rate for HIV-negative...

BACKGROUND: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains challenging. PURPOSE: To assess evidence from randomized, controlled trials of the timing of ART initiation in HIV-infected adults with...

INTRODUCTION: After the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some HIV-infected patients present a severe inflammation in response to a latent or a previously treated opportunistic pathogen termed immune...

Aim: To determine the role of primary antifungal prophylaxis in the prevention of cryptococcal meningitis and all-cause mortality in advanced HIV infection. Materials & methods: This was a systematic review...