Category Archives: Co-infections
Drug-drug interactions with antiviral agents in people who inject drugs (PWID) requiring substitution therapy
OBJECTIVE: To describe potential drug-drug interactions in the area of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and injection drug use, including those between antiretrovirals (ARVs), direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), and opioid-agonist therapy,...
Early versus delayed antiretroviral therapy for HIV and Tuberculosis co-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
OBJECTIVE: To compare important clinical outcomes between early and delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults who had a co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). METHODS:...
The effect of sexually transmitted co-infections on HIV viral load amongst individuals on antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) markedly reduces HIV transmission, and testing and treatment programs have been advocated as a method for decreasing transmission at the population level. Little is known, however,...
Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV infection: a meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who are colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have increased risk for MRSA infection. We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to estimate the...
Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa and the potential impact and program feasibility of hepatitis B surface antigen screening in resource-limited settings
BACKGROUND: Screening people living with HIV for hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is recommended in resource-rich settings to optimize HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) and mitigate HBV-related liver disease. This review...
Prevalence of tuberculosis in post-mortem studies of HIV-infected adults and children in resource-limited settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be the leading cause of HIV-related deaths globally. However, since HIV-associated TB frequently remains unascertained, we systematically reviewed autopsy studies to determine the true...
Risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Europe: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in western countries has been attributed to the HIV epidemic, immigration, and drug resistance. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by the transmission of...
Association between HIV/AIDS and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is emerging as major challenge facing tuberculosis control programs worldwide particularly in Asia and Africa. Findings from different studies on associations...
Strategies for integrating primary health services in low- and middle-income countries at the point of delivery
BACKGROUND: In some low- and middle-income countries, separate vertical programmes deliver specific life-saving interventions but can fragment services. Strategies to integrate services aim to bring together inputs, organisation, and delivery...
Treatment of active tuberculosis in HIV-coinfected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis have an increased risk of death, treatment failure, and relapse. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials...
Estimating the resource needs of scaling-up HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review for national policy makers and planners
Considerable effort has been made to estimate the global resource requirements of scaling-up HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) interventions. There are currently several medium- and long-term global estimates available. Comprehensive country...
