Category Archives: Co-infections
Meta-analysis of single-session behavioral interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: Implications for bundling prevention packages
Evidence-based, single-session behavioral interventions are urgently needed for preventing the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To estimate the efficacy of single-session, behavioral interventions for STI prevention,...
HIV and syphilis co-infection increasing among men who have sex with men in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: This study aims to estimate the magnitude and changing trends of HIV, syphilis and HIV-syphilis co-infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China during 2003-2008 through...
Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis
In the context of tuberculosis (TB) resurgence, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is increasingly promoted, but concerns about the risk for development of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis may hinder its widespread implementation. We...
Risk factors for tuberculosis in foreign-born people (FBP) in Italy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
In Italy, TB notifications in foreign-born people (FBP) are steadily increasing. To investigate this issue we did a meta-analysis on risk factors for FBP people. A systematic search was performed...
Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have provided a new method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the role of IGRAs for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), especially...
Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: Systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV reduces the frequency of tuberculosis and overall mortality. DESIGN: Systematic review and data synthesis of randomised placebo...
Sputum processing methods to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy for tuberculosis: A systematic review
In low-income and middle-income countries, direct (unconcentrated) sputum smear microscopy is the primary method for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. The method is fast, inexpensive, and specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in high...
Behavioral interventions to reduce incidence of HIV, STD, and pregnancy among adolescents: A decade in review
PURPOSE: To review adolescent sexual risk-reduction programs that were evaluated using quasi-experimental or experimental methods and published in the 1990s. We describe evaluated programs and identify program and evaluation issues...
Community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review
Information on community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is limited. We conducted a systematic literature review. The case fraction of community-acquired bacterial BSIs...
Meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients
Sputum induction is a simple and noninvasive procedure for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive patients, although less sensitive than bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In order to obtain...
Systematic review on the etiology and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A systematic review of studies that were published between...
