Category Archives: Co-infections
Osteoporosis and fractures in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: There is growing evidence that fracture risk is increased in individuals with HIV and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether prevalence of...
A systematic review of syphilis serological treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons: Rethinking the significance of serological non-responsiveness and the serofast state after therapy
BACKGROUND: Syphilis remains a global public health threat and can lead to severe complications. In addition to resolution of clinical manifestations, a reduction in nontreponemal antibody titers after treatment is...
Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa
Understanding the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa is necessary to optimize strategies for the prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections...
Natural history of tuberculosis: Duration and fatality of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV negative patients: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The prognosis, specifically the case fatality and duration, of untreated tuberculosis is important as many patients are not correctly diagnosed and therefore receive inadequate or no treatment. Furthermore, duration...
The effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on mortality and morbidity of HIV-infected adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Numerous preclinical studies have suggested that micronutrient status is associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, but results from observational studies are still controversial. The objective was...
HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: A systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage
Background: Previous reviews have examined the existence of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for injecting drug users (IDUs) worldwide, but they did not quantify the scale of coverage. We...
Interferon-y release assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Despite the widespread use of interferon- release assays (IGRAs), their role in diagnosing tuberculosis and targeting preventive therapy in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review to...
Behavioral interventions to reduce incidence of HIV, STD, and pregnancy among adolescents: A decade in review
PURPOSE: To review adolescent sexual risk-reduction programs that were evaluated using quasi-experimental or experimental methods and published in the 1990s. We describe evaluated programs and identify program and evaluation issues...
Community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review
Information on community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is limited. We conducted a systematic literature review. The case fraction of community-acquired bacterial BSIs...
Meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients
Sputum induction is a simple and noninvasive procedure for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive patients, although less sensitive than bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In order to obtain...
Systematic review on the etiology and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A systematic review of studies that were published between...
