Category Archives: Co-infections

Background and objective: Dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), encoded by the CD209 gene, is a major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. The potentially functional -336A/G...

Background. A major difficulty associated with the use of standard therapy with isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection is poor patient adherence to therapy because of the prolonged course required. Shorter...

BACKGROUND: Recently, the tuberculosis (TB) Task Force Impact Measurement acknowledged the need to review the assumptions underlying the TB mortality estimates published annually by the World Health Organization (WHO). TB...

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) mainly through reactivation or following recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (re)infection. Within a DNA fingerprint-defined cluster of...

HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are leading global causes of mortality and morbidity. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is often initiated in patients being treated for TB. The immune recovery associated...

Background: We aimed to assess whether interferon- release assays (IGRAs) can predict the development of active tuberculosis and whether the predictive ability of these tests is better than that of...

Cryptosporidium is a common cause of gastroenteritis and is associated with severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. This review aimed to assess the efficacy of interventions for the treatment and...

BACKGROUND: The prevention and early treatment of infections are the mainstay of the medical management of the majority of people with HIV infection, who live in low income countries without...

Objective: Efficacious HIV prevention programs designed for heterosexual adults were identified. Methods: Thirty-two programs designed with a comparison group and aimed at preventing heterosexual transmission for HIV were identified utilizing...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow in pockets across Asia, despite early successes at curtailing its spread in countries like Thailand. Recent evidence documents dramatic increases in incidence among risk...

Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. It can be prevented and treated through drug regimen. However, drugs have...

Many national guidelines recommend annual influenza vaccination of immunocompromised patients, although the decision to vaccinate is usually at clinical discretion. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the...