Category Archives: Cardiovascular

Aging and HIV: Recent findings in contributing factors

2025

Background: Aging among people living with HIV (PLWH) presents multifaceted challenges influenced by antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic inflammation, viral coinfections, stigma, multimorbidity, and immunosuppression. Methods: This review synthesizes recent research...

Experiences of older people living with human immunodeficiency virus comorbidity attending coordinated healthcare services

2025

BACKGROUND: Older people living with human immunodeficiency virus (OPLWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy are aging and face an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. The burden is costly and demands sustainable care...

Nutritional status of adult people living with HIV: A narrative review

2025

BACKGROUND: The interaction between HIV infection, nutrition and immune system functioning is intricate, leading, in many cases, to a cycle of poor health outcomes. Despite the widespread use of highly...

Weight gain, obesity, and the impact of lifestyle factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review

2024

HIV remains a significant health concern, but the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed it into a manageable chronic condition. However, weight gain and obesity pose a substantial challenge...

A systematic review of mediation analysis frameworks in studies examining the determinants of cardiometabolic outcomes in people living with HIV

2025

Introduction Mediation analysis provides a more flexible mechanistic view of the causal relationship between HIV-related factors and cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is limited evidence on how mediation analysis is implemented...

Comprehensive coronary CT angiography in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2025

OBJECTIVES: People living with HIV (PLWH) were previously shown to have a higher prevalence of non-calcified coronary plaque with discrepant results for coronary stenosis and any plaque prevalence. This systematic...

Understanding HIV-exposed uninfected children: A narrative review

2025

The widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced HIV-related mortality and mother-to-child transmission. Despite being HIV-uninfected, HIV-exposed children (HEU) seem to face heightened risks of immune dysfunction, cardiometabolic diseases,...

Causes of hospitalisation among people living with HIV worldwide, 2014-23: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2025

Background: Despite improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-related morbidity and mortality remain high. A previous review (2007-14) found that AIDS-related illnesses were the leading causes of hospitalisations. We aimed to...

Risk factors and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2024

This study was performed to reveal the risk factors associated with mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who were diagnosed with COVID-19. Studies reporting deaths among PLHIV and infected...

The long-term health outcomes of people living with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

2024

Since the first reported cases of perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1982, a generation born with HIV has reached adulthood. The authors conducted a scoping review of PubMed...

HIV, the gut microbiome and clinical outcomes, a systematic review

2024

BACKGROUND: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH). However, this population is now experiencing accelerated age-related comorbidities, contributed to by chronic immune activation...

Developing an HIV-specific falls risk prediction model with a novel clinical index: A systematic review and meta-analysis method

2024

Background Falls are a common problem experienced by people living with HIV yet predictive models specific to this population remain underdeveloped. We aimed to identify, assess and stratify the predictive...

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