Category Archives: Co-morbidities

BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can activate the complement system by binding to carbohydrates, such as those presented on the HIV virion surface. It is unclear whether genetically determined MBL deficiency...

The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of injectable semipermanent and permanent dermal fillers, compared to other facial augmentation techniques, for the management of facial...

BACKGROUND: Since the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus has been transformed, in the Western world, to a chronic disease associated with a variety of...

Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of zinc supplementary in children, adults and pregnant women with HIV infection. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane...

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among patients with HIV infection and PCP the mortality rate...

Background: Hodgkin’s disease (HD) is the most common non-AIDS-defining malignancy in HIV-infected patients. Its unusually aggressive tumour behaviour includes a higher frequency of unfavourable histologic subtypes, high-stage and extranodal involvement...

Some studies have shown that currently available protease inhibitors (PIs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We have systematically reviewed the published literature and conference abstracts for...

Objective: There is considerable research around the morbidity and mortality related to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular disease and diabetes, among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in resource-richer settings. Less...

Drugs are estimated to cause about 10 – 25% of all cases of gynecomastia. Over the course of several decades, multiple medications have been implicated in the development of gynecomastia...

BACKGROUND: HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disorder of fat metabolism that occurs in patients with HIV infection. It can cause metabolic derangements and negative self-perceptions of body image, and result in...

AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the...

OBJECTIVES: Anemia, defined as having low levels of hemoglobin (HGB), is caused by disease-related (e.g., bone marrow suppression, nutritional deficiency) or treatment-related (e.g., chemotherapy, antiretroviral therapy) factors. Although epoetin alfa...