Category Archives: Co-morbidities

Cancer and the ‘other’ noncommunicable chronic diseases in older people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings: A challenge to success

2012

Objective: There is considerable research around the morbidity and mortality related to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular disease and diabetes, among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in resource-richer settings. Less...

Drug-induced gynecomastia: An evidence-based review

2012

Drugs are estimated to cause about 10 – 25% of all cases of gynecomastia. Over the course of several decades, multiple medications have been implicated in the development of gynecomastia...

Growth hormone axis treatments for HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials

2011

BACKGROUND: HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disorder of fat metabolism that occurs in patients with HIV infection. It can cause metabolic derangements and negative self-perceptions of body image, and result in...

Human immunodeficiency virus and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of liver: A systematic review

2014

AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the...

Does epoetin alfa improve health-related quality of life in chronically ill patients with anemia: Summary of trials of cancer, HIV/AIDS, and chronic kidney disease

2008

OBJECTIVES: Anemia, defined as having low levels of hemoglobin (HGB), is caused by disease-related (e.g., bone marrow suppression, nutritional deficiency) or treatment-related (e.g., chemotherapy, antiretroviral therapy) factors. Although epoetin alfa...

Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults

2010

BACKGROUND: According to consensus, initiation of therapy is best based on CD4 cell count, a marker of immune status, rather than on viral load, a marker of virologic replication. For...

Interventions for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in HIV-infected individuals

2007

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare, slow-growing tumour of the eye, normally affecting elderly men around 70 years of age. In Africa, however, the disease is...

No relationship between TNF-alpha genetic variants and combination antiretroviral therapy-related lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients: A case-control study and a meta-analysis

2011

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to be involved in the pathogenic and metabolic events associated with HIV-1 infection. We assessed whether carriage of the TNF-alpha gene promoter single...

Management of dental patients who are HIV-positive: Antifungal treatments

2001

This is the second in a series of systematic reviews of critical oral health care issues collaboratively supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and the...

Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2012

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at greatly increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer. Screening for the presumed cancer precursor, high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN),...

HIV positivity, protease inhibitor exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2009

CONTEXT: Patients with HIV may have increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease owing to multiple biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for subclinical atherosclerosis among patients with HIV. DESIGN:...

Insomnia in HIV infection: A systematic review of prevalence, correlates, and management

2005

OBJECTIVE: Insomnia in people with HIV and AIDS has been widely but inconsistently reported. We present the results of a systematic review of the subject. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCHLIT, and...

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