Category Archives: Epidemiology
Integrative review on the incidence of HIV infection and its socio-spatial determinants
OBJECTIVES: to identify the socio-spatial determinants associated with the incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) described in national and international literature. METHODS: integrative literature review that included...
Availability and quality of surveillance and survey data on HIV prevalence among sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender women in low- and middle-income countries: Review of available data (2001–2017)
BACKGROUND: In 2019, 62% of new HIV infections occurred among key populations (KPs) and their sexual partners. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementation of bio-behavioral surveys every 2–3 years...
Under-reporting of known HIV-positive status among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Monitoring progress towards the UNAIDS ‘first 90’ target requires accurate estimates of levels of diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which is often estimated using self-report. We conducted a...
Prevalence of HIV and HCV among injecting drug users in three selected WHO-EMRO countries: A meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are responsible for a significant burden of mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. This study sought to determine the prevalence of...
The value of assessing self-reported and biological indicators of outcomes in evaluating HIV programs
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this manuscript, we present recent findings concerning concordance and discrepancy between biological measures and self-reports of these three outcomes of HIV programs: HIV status, adherence to...
The HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review of published criteria and definitions
INTRODUCTION: The HIV care cascade examines the attrition of people living with HIV from diagnosis to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppression of viral replication. We reviewed the...
Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally
OBJECTIVE: Given stark health inequities among precarious and criminalized workers, we aimed to apply a structural determinants framework to systematically review evidence on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence, access to...
Effectiveness of spatially targeted interventions for control of HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and malaria: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: As infectious diseases approach global elimination targets, spatial targeting is increasingly important to identify community hotspots of transmission and effectively target interventions. We aimed to synthesise relevant evidence to...
Global estimate of phenotypic and genotypic ganciclovir resistance in cytomegalovirus infections among HIV and organ transplant patients; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), an opportunistic pathogen belonging to Herpesviridae family, is considered as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among wide variety of patients, particularly in transplant...
