Category Archives: Epidemiology
An update on neuropsychiatric adverse effects with second-generation integrase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (NPAE) associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a growing concern, with higher rates in the real-world...
Cause of hospitalization and death in the antiretroviral era in Sub-Saharan Africa published 2008–2018: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Worldwide despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome still causes morbidity and mortality among patients. In Sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains a...
A review of public health, social and ethical implications of voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa
Ideally, the benefits of public health interventions should outweigh any associated harms, burdens, and adverse unintended consequences. The intended benefit of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs in eastern and...
Integrative review on the incidence of HIV infection and its socio-spatial determinants
OBJECTIVES: to identify the socio-spatial determinants associated with the incidence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) described in national and international literature. METHODS: integrative literature review that included...
Availability and quality of surveillance and survey data on HIV prevalence among sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender women in low- and middle-income countries: Review of available data (2001–2017)
BACKGROUND: In 2019, 62% of new HIV infections occurred among key populations (KPs) and their sexual partners. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementation of bio-behavioral surveys every 2–3 years...
Under-reporting of known HIV-positive status among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Monitoring progress towards the UNAIDS ‘first 90’ target requires accurate estimates of levels of diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which is often estimated using self-report. We conducted a...
Prevalence of HIV and HCV among injecting drug users in three selected WHO-EMRO countries: A meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are responsible for a significant burden of mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. This study sought to determine the prevalence of...
The value of assessing self-reported and biological indicators of outcomes in evaluating HIV programs
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this manuscript, we present recent findings concerning concordance and discrepancy between biological measures and self-reports of these three outcomes of HIV programs: HIV status, adherence to...
The HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review of published criteria and definitions
INTRODUCTION: The HIV care cascade examines the attrition of people living with HIV from diagnosis to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppression of viral replication. We reviewed the...
