Category Archives: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Impaired glucose metabolism during pregnancy can result in a significant adverse pregnancy-outcomes. Previous studies have reported the contribution of ART to the impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus...

Co-infection with hepatitis B and C among HIV infected patients are prevalent among high-risk populations. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections among high-risk...

INTRODUCTION: Co-infection of TB/ HIV is an emerging threat to a global public health. Although several studies have investigated the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in Iran, the results are inconsistent....

Background: We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of HIV, as well as cross-countries comparison in people who are in prison. Methods: We systematically assessed published studies reporting HIV prevalence...

Objectives: Female sex workers (FSW) are highly at risk of HIV, and can potentially transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in different societies. Study design: The aims of the present...

Key occupational groups in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are at increased risk of HIV, and may be at increased risk of substance use. In January 2018, we systematically searched for studies...

The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive overview of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtypes and to investigate temporal and geographical trends of the HIV-1 epidemic among men...

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 has revised its guidelines on antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults and further updated it in 2016. Based...

BACKGROUND: Global genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge to the development of HIV vaccines. We aimed to estimate the regional and global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants...

BACKGROUND: Transgender women (transwomen) in the United States have been shown to have high HIV risk with Black and Hispanic transwomen being particularly vulnerable. Growing research on transgender men (transmen)...

In 2014, about 1.5 million pregnancies occurred among HIV-positive women in low and middle-income countries. To pool magnitude and factors associated with unintended pregnancy in women living with HIV in...

Background: The double burden of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) and HIV disproportionately affects Africa. Our objective was to summarize the prevalence of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among people living...