Category Archives: Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
Clinician barriers and facilitators to routine HIV testing: A systematic review of the literature
BACKGROUND: Routine HIV screening rates are suboptimal. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review identified barriers to/facilitators of routine HIV testing, categorized them using the socioecological model (SEM), and provided recommendations for interventions...
Global prevalence of HCV and/or HBV coinfections among people who inject drugs and female sex workers who live with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Coinfections of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality and poor prognosis. The main...
Bone fracture among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-regression of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors
INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLWH) had a higher prevalence and incidence rate of bone fracture compared to general population. Although several studies have explored this phenomenon, the prevalence and...
Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infections among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: Results of systematic review and meta-analysis
PURPOSE: Cryptosporidium is implicated in diarrhea epidemics in many parts of the world and is said to be the most common protozoan cause of diarrhea among people living with HIV/AIDS...
A comparative analysis of blood pressure in HIV-infected patients versus uninfected controls residing in Sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We reviewed the literature comparing BP in treated HIV-infected populations against untreated...
Clostridium difficile in immunocompromised hosts: A review of epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention
Clostridium difficile is a significant pathogen in healthcare today, impacting both hospitalized and community-based patients. Immunocompromised patients experience a high incidence of C. difficile infection, ranging from 6% to 33%...
Is sexual risk behaviour associated with an increased risk of transfusion-transmissible infections in blood donors from Western and Pacific countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The donor medical questionnaire is designed to aid blood establishments in supporting a safe blood supply. According to blood donor deferral policies, sexual risk behaviour (SRB) leads...
Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for HIV transmission in female bar workers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review
BACKGROUND: Although sex workers are considered a key population in the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), less consideration has been given to female bar workers (FBW), whose primary occupation...
Efficacy and safety of direct acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Various all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens are being widely used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients; however, the comparative efficacy...
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa: A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVES: To systematically analyze and summarize the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) against HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to identify their risk factors for IPV. METHOD: A...
Prevention of cardiovascular disease for historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups living with HIV: A narrative review of the literature
Despite developments to improve health in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities persist. These disparities have profound impact on the wellbeing of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. This...
