Category Archives: Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
Antiretroviral therapy in prevention of HIV and TB: Update on current research efforts
There is considerable scientific evidence supporting the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. The complex nature of the HIV and...
HIV: Associated transmission risks in older adults – An integrative review of the literature
Recent evidence suggests that transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing among late middle-aged and older adults (50 years of age or older). However, research studies explaining the unique...
Interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour for preventing HIV infection in workers in occupational settings
Background: HIV in the workforce has a negative impact on economic growth and development of affected countries. The workplace provides an important avenue to prevent HIV by providing easy access...
The expanding epidemics of HIV type 1 among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: Diversity and consistency
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have borne a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and remain a markedly underresourced population globally. To better describe HIV epidemics...
Contraception for the HIV-positive woman: A review of interactions between hormonal contraception and antiretroviral therapy
Background. Preventing unintended pregnancy in HIV-positive women can significantly reduce maternal-to-child HIV transmission as well as improve the woman’s overall health. Hormonal contraceptives are safe and effective means to avoid...
A systematic review to quantitatively evaluate ‘Stepping Stones’: A participatory community-based HIV/AIDS prevention intervention
This first independent systematic review examined evidence for the effectiveness of the stepping stones intervention in HIV prevention. To reduce HIV transmission it addresses gender roles and promotes equitable relationships....
Epidemiology of male same-sex behaviour and associated sexual health indicators in low- and middle-income countries: 2003-2007 Estimates
Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of published and unpublished data from research and public health information systems on the prevalence of male-to-male sex in the total male population; as...
A review of research on residential programs for people with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders
Substance use disorder is the most common and clinically significant co-morbidity among clients with severe mental illnesses, associated with poor treatment response, homelessness and other adverse outcomes. Residential programs for...
Children facing a family member’s acute illness: A review of intervention studies
BACKGROUND: A review of psycho-educational intervention studies to benefit children adapting to a close (parent, sibling, or grandparent) family member’s serious illness was conducted. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on...
Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: A meta-analysis
There is increasing research on posttraumatic growth after life-threatening illnesses such as cancer and HIV/AIDS, although it is unclear whether growth confers any psychological or physical benefits in such samples....
