Category Archives: Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: The retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes is an important issue in resource-limited settings. Loss to follow up can be substantial, but it is unclear what the...
HIV prevalence and mortality among children undergoing treatment for severe acute malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis explored HIV prevalence and mortality in children undergoing treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in sub-Saharan Africa. It included all studies reporting on HIV infection...
The effectiveness of individual-, group-, and community-level HIV behavioral risk-reduction interventions for adult men who have sex with men: a systematic review
This article presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of individual-, group-, and community-level behavioral interventions intended to reduce the risk of acquiring sexually...
A review of HIV antiretroviral adherence and intervention studies among HIV-infected youth
Advances in antiretroviral medications have resulted in precipitous declines in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality; however, high levels of adherence are crucial to the success of HIV therapies. This article reviews...
Burden of HIV-related CMV retinitis in resource-limited settings: A systematic review
Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a late stage opportunistic infection in people living with HIV/AIDS. Lack of ophthalmological diagnostic skills or convenient CMV treatment and increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, have...
Non-clinical outcomes of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in developing countries: A systematic literature review
The impacts of antiretroviral therapy on quality of life, mental health, labor productivity, and economic wellbeing for people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries are only beginning to be measured....
The effectiveness of group-based comprehensive risk-reduction and abstinence education interventions to prevent or reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted infections: Two systematic reviews
CONTEXT: Adolescent pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problems in the U.S. Implementing group-based interventions that address the sexual behavior of adolescents may reduce...
Neurodevelopment in children born to HIV-infected mothers by infection and treatment status
BACKGROUND: We reviewed the impact of HIV, HIV exposure, and antiretroviral therapy/prophylaxis on neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed-uninfected infants and children. METHODS: A literature search of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO,...
The impact of HIV treatment as prevention in the presence of other prevention strategies: Lessons learned from a review of mathematical models set in resource-rich countries
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the potential prevention benefits of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) in resource-rich countries and examine the potential interactions between TasP and other prevention strategies by...
The age of initiation of drug use and sexual behavior may influence subsequent HIV risk behavior: A systematic review.
Researchers examining injection drug users (IDUs) in drug treatment have been trying for decades to determine the optimal way to intervene to prevent the transmission and spread of human immunodeficiency...
