Category Archives: Epidemiology and Determinants of Health

AIM: Currently, frailty has become a central issue in health management among middle-aged and older people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) worldwide. The objective is to develop targeted strategies to improve...

BACKGROUND: Inconsistent condom use represents the most proximal behavioral risk factor for acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus. However, certain situations hinder female sex workers...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess health care providers’ awareness, willingness, and key barriers in implementing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for...

INTRODUCTION: Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability, maintaining optimal adherence remains difficult, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This literature review synthesized evidence on barriers and interventions influencing...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was designed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of major transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), to address this gap, and to propose solutions to...

BACKGROUND: Crack-cocaine use is associated with severe physical and mental health consequences, including cardiac, pulmonary and psychiatric conditions. It also heightens the risk of overdose and transmission of infectious diseases...

INTRODUCTION: Estimating undiagnosed HIV prevalence facilitates planning epidemic responses, and monitoring progress towards UNAIDS and national targets. We undertook a systematic review to identify models used to estimate undiagnosed HIV...

INTRODUCTION: HIV remains a major global public health challenge, with nearly 1.3 million new HIV acquisitions annually. Despite the effectiveness of pre-exposure (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), barriers to access,...

BACKGROUND: Cisgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS due to structural gender inequalities and intersecting social determinants, which generate vulnerability contexts that act as barriers to treatment adherence. METHODS: A...

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant efforts to manage and prevent HIV, knowledge gaps persist regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women of reproductive age. Previous studies, limited in scope and producing inconsistent...

BACKGROUND: The elimination of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a key global public health priority. In Africa, virologic failure among people living with HIV continues to pose...

Background and PurposeWhile empirical studies in Iraq have examined sociodemographic characteristics and modes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, including but not limited to those involving key populations, there remains...