Category Archives: Population(s)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens for initial treatment of HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) cause faster virologic suppression, while ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) recover more CD4 cells. However, individual trials have not been powered to...
Reversing gut damage in HIV infection: Using non-human primate models to instruct clinical research
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to dramatic improvements in the lives of HIV-infected persons. However, residual immune activation, which persists despite ART, is associated with increased risk of non-AIDS morbidities....
A systematic review of interventions to improve prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission service delivery and promote retention
INTRODUCTION: The success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is dependent upon high retention of mother-infant pairs within these programmes. This is a systematic review to evaluate the...
Does food insecurity undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy? A systematic review
A growing body of research has identified food insecurity as a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We systematically reviewed and summarized the quantitative literature on food insecurity or food...
Mapping the epidemiology of Kaposi Sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review
Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of developing Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) compared to HIV-negative children. We compiled currently published epidemiologic data on...
Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: To understand regional burdens and inform delivery of health services, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on incidence of key...
Adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of pneumonia in patients with HIV: A meta-analysis
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment on Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A literature search of relevant randomized controlled...
TB as a cause of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality among people living with HIV worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: Despite significant progress in improving access to antiretroviral therapy over the past decade, substantial numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in all regions continue to experience severe illness...
A systematic review of the effects of behavioral counseling on sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence in low- and middle-income countries
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of behavioral counseling interventions in reducing sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review...
Community-academic partnerships in HIV-related research: A systematic literature review of theory and practice
INTRODUCTION: Community involvement in HIV research has increased over recent years, enhancing community-academic partnerships. Several terms have been used to describe community participation in research. Clarification is needed to determine...
