Category Archives: Population(s)
HIV, alcohol dependence, and the criminal justice system: A review and call for evidence-based treatment for released prisoners
BACKGROUND: People with both HIV and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are disproportionately concentrated within the U.S. criminal justice system; approximately one-quarter of all people with HIV cycle through the system...
Sexually transmitted infection as a risk factor for homosexual HIV transmission: A systematic review of epidemiological studies
Existing reviews suggest some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are risk factors in heterosexual HIV transmission. This may not be so in homosexual HIV transmission, about which reviews make no specific...
Health promotion in the city: A structured review of the literature on interventions to prevent heart disease, substance abuse, violence and HIV infection in US metropolitan areas, 1980-1995
To achieve its national public health goals, the US must improve the health of low-income urban populations. To contribute to this process, this study reviewed published reports of health promotion...
Task shifting from doctors to non-doctors for initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy
BACKGROUND: The high levels of healthcare worker shortage is recognised as a severe impediment to increasing patients’ access to antiretroviral therapy. This is particularly of concern where the burden of...
Diagnostic accuracy of the WHO clinical staging system for defining eligibility for ART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that HIV-positive adults with CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm(3) initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, CD4 count is not widely available...
Analytic review of modeling studies of ARV Based PrEP interventions reveals strong influence of drug-resistance assumptions on the population-level effectiveness
BACKGROUND: Four clinical trials have shown that oral and topical pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) based on tenofovir may be effective in preventing HIV transmission. The expected reduction in HIV transmission and...
Geographical representativeness of published and ongoing randomized controlled trials. The example of: Tobacco consumption and HIV infection
Background: The challenge for evidence-based healthcare is to reduce mortality and the burden of diseases. This study aimed to compare where research is conducted to where research is needed for...
Stable bone density in HAART-treated individuals with HIV: A meta-analysis
Context: Longitudinal studies of bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV have reported conflicting results. Objective: We investigated whether temporal changes in BMD differ by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) status...
