Category Archives: Population(s)
The effects of global health initiatives on country health systems: A review of the evidence from HIV/AIDS control
This paper reviews country-level evidence about the impact of global health initiatives (GHIs), which have had profound effects on recipient country health systems in middle and low income countries. We...
Efficacy and tolerability of initial antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review
OBJECTIVES: Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) is largely attributed to the type of third drug. Guidelines recommend regimens without systematic review of all factors that might affect treatment success, such as...
Externalities of prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs: A systematic review
There has been considerable debate about the effects of targeted global health assistance in low- and middle-income countries on health systems, specifically HIV/AIDS funding. Recently, a handful of studies have...
Reporting of informed consent, standard of care and post-trial obligations in global randomized intervention trials: A systematic survey of registered trials
OBJECTIVE: Ethical guidelines are designed to ensure benefits, protection and respect of participants in clinical research. Clinical trials must now be registered on open-access databases and provide details on ethical...
The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection, sexually transmitted infections, and associated risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in the Mekong Subregion and China: implications for policy and programming
BACKGROUND: Little systematic knowledge is available regarding risk behaviors and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in populations of men having sex with men...
Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: Hospital Care for Children: What is the aetiology and treatment of chronic diarrhoea in children with HIV?
The World Health Organization has produced guidelines for the management of common illnesses in hospitals with limited resources. This series reviews the scientific evidence behind WHO’s recommendations. The WHO guidelines,...
Peginterferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of peginterferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Trials were identified...
Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: Systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV reduces the frequency of tuberculosis and overall mortality. DESIGN: Systematic review and data synthesis of randomised placebo...
Does opioid substitution treatment in prisons reduce injecting-related HIV risk behaviours? A systematic review
OBJECTIVES: To review systematically the evidence on opioid substitution treatment (OST) in prisons in reducing injecting-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviours. METHODS: Systematic review in accordance with guidelines of...
Human immunodeficiency disease: How should it affect surgical decision making?
BACKGROUND: The ever-increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the continued improvement in clinical management has increased the likelihood of surgery being performed on patients with this infection....
Hepatotoxicity associated with long- versus short-course HIV-prophylactic nevirapine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports (RADAR) project
Background and objective: The antiretroviral nevirapine can cause severe hepatotoxicity when used ‘off-label’ for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), newborn post-exposure prophylaxis and for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis among non-HIV-infected...
