Category Archives: Population(s)
Young people’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviour on STI/HIV/AIDS in the context of Nepal: A systematic review
Background: Sexual and reproductive health of young people has become a major health problem in recent decades. Recent and rapidly increasing Human Immune Defi ciency Virus (HIV) rates show an...
Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: A meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed...
Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: A meta-analysis of trials, 1985-2008
OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated review of the efficacy of behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents. DESIGN: We searched electronic databases, leading public...
Adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis for non-forcible sexual exposure to HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
To characterize adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis after non-forcible sexual exposure to HIV, we conducted a review of the literature and meta-analysis. Articles were considered if they contained primary adherence data...
High mortality amongst adolescents and adults with bacterial meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of 715 cases from Malawi
Mortality from bacterial meningitis in African adults is significantly higher than those in better resourced settings and adjunctive therapeutic interventions such as dexamethasone and glycerol have been shown to be...
Factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women: an adapted systematic review
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for effective treatment, but can be quite complex. Non-adherence can adversely affect treatment outcomes. Although many studies have been done on adherence in...
HIV prevention for South African youth: which interventions work? A systematic review of current evidence
BACKGROUND: In South Africa, HIV prevalence among youth aged 15-24 is among the world’s highest. Given the urgent need to identify effective HIV prevention approaches, this review assesses the evidence...
A systematic review of the impact of alcohol use disorders on HIV treatment outcomes, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and health care utilization
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent and associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy, decreased health care utilization and poor HIV treatment outcomes among HIV-infected individuals. OBJECTIVES: To systematically...
Acute coronary syndromes in human immunodeficiency virus patients: A meta-analysis investigating adverse event rates and the role of antiretroviral therapy
AIMS: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated morbidity and mortality, but adverse effects of HAART are becoming an increasing challenge, especially in the setting of...
Effectiveness of the 40 adolescent aids-risk reduction interventions: A quantitative review
OBJECTIVE: (1) To review evaluations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention interventions targeting adolescents to determine whether these efforts have been effective in reducing risk behaviors. (2) To examine the...
Complex interventions to improve the health of people with limited literacy: A systematic review
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the published literature on the effects of complex (multi-faceted) interventions intended to improve the health-related outcomes of individuals with limited literacy or numeracy. METHODS: We undertook a...
