Category Archives: Population(s)

INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children. Administration of appropriate empirical antimicrobial and/or adjunctive systemic therapies may improve clinical outcomes....

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the current HIV prevalence in militaries of low-income and middle-income countries is higher, the same, or lower than the HIV prevalence in the adult male population...

BACKGROUND: Adherence is a crucial point for the successful treatment of a hepatitis-C virus infection. Studies have shown that especially adherence to ribavirin is important.The objective of this systematic review...

OBJECTIVES: Adherence is critical for maximizing the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection. Strategies for promoting adherence to HIV treatment, and their potential application to PrEP adherence,...

This study aimed to quantify the following: (1) health research in academic journals covering Nepal, (2) location of authors, and (3) most prevalent specialties. Published health research conducted in Nepal...

Yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting immunity. Rare serious adverse events after vaccination include neurologic or viscerotropic syndromes or anaphylaxis. We conducted a systematic review of adverse events associated with yellow...

Objective: To evaluate treatment-mediated changes in HIV-1 RNA and CD4 count as prognostic markers and surrogate end points for disease progression (AIDS/death). Methods: Data from 13,045 subjects in all 16...

BACKGROUND: Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy was the first antiretroviral drug to be tested widely. The next two drugs to be developed were didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC). OBJECTIVES: To assess the...

Objective. To assess the evidence for the effectiveness of increasing numbers of drugs in antiretroviral combination therapy. Design. Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of fully reported randomised controlled trials. All...

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HIV infection in both high- and low-income settings. Mass media campaigns have been used as a means...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)/HIV co-infections are often undiagnosed, with important clinical implications. The literature is relatively sparse with key observations derived in the pre-highly-active antiretroviral therapy era....

BACKGROUND: Heterosexual sex has become the dominant transmission route in China. Recently studies reported high heterogeneity in heterosexual transmission risk in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to...