Category Archives: Population(s)

PURPOSE: A successful prophylactic HIV vaccine will probably require neutralizing antibodies and vigorous CTL (CD8+ T-cytotoxic lymphocyte) responses. Canarypox vector-based HIV vaccines (ALVAC-HIV) have been gaining momentum as promising HIV...

BACKGROUND: The nervous system is widely involved in the course of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The manifestation may be a direct effect of the virus, the result...

Objectives To quantify attrition between women testing HIV-positive in pregnancy-related services and accessing long-term HIV care and treatment services in low- or middle-income countries and to explore the reasons underlying...

Administering drugs as fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) versus the same active drugs administered as separate pills is assumed to enhance treatment adherence. We synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about...

Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is in its infancy as an approved biomedical intervention; therefore, research is needed to understand the issues surrounding its implementation. The purpose of this literature review...

BACKGROUND: Previous reviews of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) focused mostly on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We reviewed trials of interventions to prevent sexual transmission of any...

PURPOSE: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical trials of and drug interactions and formulary considerations associated with atazanavir, the newest protease inhibitor (PI) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are...

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the emergency medicine literature to assess the appropriateness of offering routine HIV screening to patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: The systematic...

Background: Intermittent Preventive Therapy with sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) for malaria in pregnancy is widely used in sub-Saharan Africa. Most countries use a 2-dose regimen given in the 2nd and 3rd...

OBJECTIVE: To assess how to best manage co-administration of rifabutin (RFB) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing antiretroviral treatment (ART). Recommended for initial anti-tuberculosis treatment, rifampicin...

INTRODUCTION: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) usually leads to 8-10 years of asymptomatic infection before immune function deteriorates and AIDS develops. Without treatment, about 50% of infected people...

Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, concern has been raised about the possibility that it may cause mitochondrial dysfunction in infants. There is adequate...