Category Archives: Population(s)
A systematic review of health system barriers and enablers for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women
BACKGROUND: Despite global progress in the fight to reduce maternal mortality, HIV-related maternal deaths remain persistently high, particularly in much of Africa. Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) appears to be the...
Antiretroviral adherence interventions in Southern Africa: Implications for using HIV treatments for prevention
There is concern that the expansion of ART (antiretroviral treatment) programmes to incorporate the use of treatment as prevention (TasP) may be associated with low levels of adherence and retention...
A systematic review of the clinical significance of pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii isolates in HIV infection
Guidelines recommend treating HIV-infected patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection only in the presence of multiple positive cultures and clinical and radiographic abnormalities. Some authors suggest a single positive culture...
Adjuvant corticosteroids for tuberculous pericarditis: Promising, but not proven
BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of corticosteroids in tuberculous pericarditis, particularly in patients who are immunocompromised by HIV. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of adjuvant corticosteroids in tuberculous...
Efficacy of HIV/STI behavioral interventions for heterosexual African American men in the United States: A meta-analysis
This meta-analysis estimates the overall efficacy of HIV prevention interventions to reduce HIV sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among heterosexual African American men. A comprehensive search of...
Treatment of active tuberculosis in HIV-coinfected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rationale: Patients with HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) have an increased risk of death, TB treatment failure, and relapse. There are several areas of uncertainty regarding the treatment of active TB in...
Tipranavir: The first nonpeptidic protease inhibitor for the treatment of protease resistance
Background: Despite the availability of a growing number of potent antiretroviral agents, efforts to completely suppress viral replication in patients with HIV-1 infection are limited because of the increasing risk...
Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for HIV infection in women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A systematic review
This is a critical, systematic review of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and HIV infection in women in Southern, Central and Eastern Africa. In light of the interest in...
Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa
OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence that the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection is changing over time in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS: Systematic review of published...
Effectiveness of protease inhibitor monotherapy versus combination antiretroviral maintenance therapy: A meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: The unparalleled success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is based on the combination of three drugs from two classes. There is insufficient evidence whether simplification to ritonavir boosted protease...
Nevirapine once daily: Pharmacology, metabolic profile and efficacy data of the new extended-release formulation
Introduction: Nevirapine (NVP), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been an important component of HIV infection treatment for many years. Currently, twice-a-day dosing is required for the successful application of...
