Category Archives: Population(s)
Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: A review of the contribution of provider-initiated testing & counselling
Objective To assess the contribution of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) to achieving universal testing of pregnant women and, from available data on components of PITC, assess whether PITC adoption...
Non-injection drug use and HIV disease progression in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy
Little is known about the effects of non-injection drug use (NIDU) on HIV antiretroviral treatment outcomes. We conducted a systematic literature search and identified nine publications from prospective cohort studies...
Population-based interventions for reducing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are common in developing countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that in 1999, 340 million new cases of syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis...
Clinical efficacy of antiretroviral combination therapy based on protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Indirect comparison of controlled trials
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of triple antiretroviral regimens based on protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in adults positive for antibodies to HIV-1. Design: Systematic...
Systematic review of clinical trials evaluating low doses of stavudine as part of antiretroviral treatment
Stavudine is a nucleoside analogue used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, as part of highly active antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries, stavudine is used widely, owing to low cost...
Immunomodulatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in HIV-1 disease: A systematic review
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are generally used as replacement therapy for humoral immunodeficiencies. In consideration of their immune-modulating properties, they are also employed as “immune-modulating/ anti-inflammatory” treatment in different clinical conditions....
Antiretroviral pharmacokinetic profile: A review of sex differences
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that female sex may be associated with increased risk of developing antiretroviral toxicities. Although the mechanisms of sex-related antiretroviral pharmacodynamic differences remain poorly understood and may...
A decade in review: Building on the experiences of past adolescent STI/HIV interventions to optimise future prevention efforts
The major purpose of this article is to systematically review and synthesise empirical findings from selected adolescent STI/HIV interventions conducted in the United States between 1994 and 2004. Specifically, the...
Treatment, care and support for people co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C: A scoping review
Background: Providing care for people who are co-infected with both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is becoming increasingly complex and requires integrated prevention, screening, support and programming efforts. We...
Management of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected adults (with an emphasis on resource-poor settings)
BACKGROUND: Cerebral toxoplasmosis or toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis (hereafter referred to as TE) was one of the first opportunistic infections to be described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients. Treatment of...
