Category Archives: Population(s)

The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children has increased because of the HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. Yet little is known about the child-rearing practices of these children’s...

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the major negative consequences of unsafe sex. Both are common and have long-term social and health consequences. Barrier methods of contraception...

Mitochondrial toxicity is implicated in some treatment-limiting antiretroviral therapy complications, and reports of mitochondrial dysfunction in untreated HIV infection suggest antiretroviral therapy independent effects of HIV. Several studies have explored...

Purpose: The purposes of this article are to identify and review comprehensive sex education programs (CSEPs) available to adolescent females in Kenya, East Africa, to discuss barriers to implementing CSEPs...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarise recently published clinical studies of chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5)-blockers, including the small-molecule blocker, maraviroc (MVC) and CCR5-monoclonal antibodies for HIV. MVC may have immunomodulating properties through...

The mass media have been the primary method for disseminating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention messages worldwide. In this article, we update previous reviews by systematically...

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy, safety, and proper methods for use of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) as a means of needle disinfection. DATA SOURCES: Controlled studies cited in MEDLINE between 1966...

Background and Objectives: Pharmaco-economics provides a standardized methodology for valid comparisons of interventions in different fields of health care. The role of pharmaco-economics in the safety of blood and blood...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Considerable debate has emerged on whether Option B+ (B+), initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all pregnant and breastfeeding women, is the best approach to achieving...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the proportion of patients lost to programme (died, lost to follow-up, transferred out) between HIV diagnosis and start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, and determine...

Objective: This study is a meta-analysis of the literature exploring the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and HIV risk behavior among women. Four outcome variables were tested: unprotected sex;...

The aim of this paper is to perform a critical review of the effectiveness of interventions for the purpose of enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The overall evaluation indicates that...