Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Cardiometabolic complications in youth with perinatally acquired HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up has dramatically reduced rates of pediatric HIV mortality and morbidity. Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are now expected to live through...
The predicted risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as a result of treatment-associated obesity in a hypothetical population receiving TAF/FTC/DTG, TDF/FTC/DTG or TDF/FTC/EFV
Objective: Integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir (DTG), are associated with weight gain and obesity, especially when combined with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Obesity increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This study...
Breastfeeding inequities in South Africa: Can enforcement of the WHO Code help address them? — A systematic scoping review
INTRODUCTION: Suboptimal breastfeeding rates in South Africa have been attributed to the relatively easy access that women and families have had to infant formula, in part as a result of...
Executive function in HIV-affected children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analyses
This review aimed to determine: whether EF is affected in children and adolescents (2–24-years-old) with perinatal HIV infection, perinatal HIV exposure without infection, and behaviourally acquired HIV. A systematic review...
Evidence on the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving HIV/AIDS outcomes for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from a systematic review
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of community-based primary health care (CBPHC) interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially for maternal, neonatal and child health, is well established. However, there has not...
Effectiveness of mobile phone text message reminder interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adolescents living with HIV is a global challenge. One of the key strategies to improve adherence is believed to be the use of...
Comparison of muscle strength, aerobic capacity and body composition between healthy adolescents and those living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle...
Neurological development of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected
Widespread use of antiretroviral drugs for pregnant/breastfeeding females with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to declining vertical transmission. Despite being HIV-uninfected, the increasing number of children who are HIV-exposed...
Interventions to address the mental health of adolescents and young adults living with or affected by HIV: State of the evidence
INTRODUCTION: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) remain vulnerable to HIV-infection and significant co-morbid mental health challenges that are barriers to treatment and prevention efforts. Globally millions of AYA are living...
Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
INTRODUCTION: Common mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside,...
Adolescent condom use in Southern Africa: Narrative systematic review and conceptual model of multilevel barriers and facilitators
BACKGROUND: Adolescent HIV and pregnancy rates in Southern Africa are amongst the highest in the world. Despite decades of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programming targeting adolescents, recent trends suggest...
