Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Characteristics of successful programmes targeting gender inequality and restrictive gender norms for the health and wellbeing of children, adolescents, and young adults: A systematic review

2020

BACKGROUND: In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals and the shifting global burden of disease, this systematic review analyses the evidence from rigorously evaluated programmes that seek to transform...

Screening algorithms to reduce burden of pediatric HIV testing: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of symptom screening to identify children eligible for further HIV testing in generalized epidemics has been examined in several studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS worldwide

2020

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, there are more than 13.3 million orphans and vulnerable children affected by Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (HIV OVC), defined as individuals below...

The pharmacogenetics of efavirenz metabolism in children: The potential genetic and medical contributions to child development in the context of long-term ARV treatment

2020

Efavirenz (EFV) is a well-known, effective anti-retroviral drug long used in first-line treatment for children and adults with HIV and HIV/AIDS. Due to its narrow window of effective concentrations, between...

The recovery rate from severe acute malnutrition among under-five years of children remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2020

BACKGROUND: Globally, Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) has been reduced by only 11% over the past 20 years and continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. So far,...

Interventions to improve medication adherence in adolescents with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

As of 2017, 1.8 million people living with HIV (PLWH) were adolescents between ages 10 and 19, accounting for 5% of all PLWH and 590,000 people between the ages 15...

Risk factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in population-based studies among immunocompromised patients (pregnant women, HIV patients and children) in West African countries, Cameroon and Gabon: A meta-analysis

2020

Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals can be life threatening. The information needed for proper control and management strategies in endemic West African countries is lacking, hence a systematic review and meta-analysis...

Utilizing a life course approach to examine HIV risk for black adolescent girls and young adult women in the United States: A systematic review of recent literature

2020

Objective: Black female youth have been disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic. Emerging literature suggests that individual and social-structural factors may uniquely increase HIV risk within this population during key...

Nature and extent of hearing loss in HIV-infected children: A scoping review

2020

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has had a major impact on life expectancy from HIV as many people now live with it as a chronic disease. Chronic HIV has been associated...

School-based interventions to promote adolescent health: A systematic review in low- and middle-income countries of WHO Western Pacific Region

2020

BACKGROUND: In the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO WPRO), most adolescents enroll in secondary school. Safe, healthy and nurturing school environments are critical for adolescent health and development....

Childhood tuberculosis treatment outcome and its association with HIV co-infection in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

Background: Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, next to HIV. Hence, initiating and determining the national tuberculosis treatment program and outcome is crucial....

Oral manifestations in HIV-positive children: A systematic review

2020

Background: The number of pediatric patients affected by HIV still remains high, mainly in developing countries, where the main cause of infection is vertical transmission from the mother. Even today,...

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