Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Getting youth PrEPared: Adolescent consent laws and implications for the availability of PrEP among youth in countries outside of the United States

2019

INTRODUCTION: Youth under the age of 25 are at high risk for HIV infection. While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to curb new infections within this population, it is...

Guides concerning tenofovir exposure via breastfeeding: A comparison of drug dosages by developmental stage

2019

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of tenofovir, and after being administrated orally, it converts to tenofovir in the blood. With the increasing use of TDF in women for...

Causal effects of education on sexual and reproductive health in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: Despite strong theoretical grounding, important gaps in knowledge remain regarding the degree to which there is a causal relationship between education and sexual and reproductive health, as many claims have...

Immunogenicity and safety of measles vaccine in HIV-infected children: An updated systematic review

2019

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at increased risk of measles morbidity and mortality. We searched abstracts from the PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences databases for...

Safety and immunogenicity of measles vaccination in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have an increased risk of measles that may be due to altered immune responses or suboptimal timing of measles vaccination. We aimed to...

Risk factors for indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children-A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are well-established immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in adults. In children these tests are associated with higher rates of false-negative and indeterminate results. Age is...

Recent interventions to improve retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral treatment among adolescents and youth: A systematic review

2019

Adolescents represent a growing proportion of people living with HIV worldwide and the highest risk population group for treatment attrition and AIDS-related mortality. There is an urgent need to design,...

Pulmonary hypertension in the global population of adolescents and adults living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of PH in adolescents and adults living with HIV at the global level. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and...

HIV, syphilis, and viral hepatitis among Latin American indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants: A systematic review

2019

Objective: To identify and summarize existing literature on the burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and viral hepatitis (VH) in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America to provide...

A realist review of infant feeding counselling to increase exclusive breastfeeding by HIV-positive women in sub Saharan-Africa: What works for whom and in what contexts

2019

BACKGROUND: The most recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and infant feeding promotes exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in resource limited settings for the prevention of mother...

Stigma as experienced by children of HIV-positive parents: A narrative review

2019

This narrative review examines the effects on children of stigma by association with an HIV-positive parent. It expands on previous reviews by including all HIV-affected children, whether orphaned or living...

Health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children in the United States: A systematic review

2018

This article reviews studies examining health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking (CSE/ST) of children in the United States. We searched five health and social sciences databases...

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