Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Barriers and facilitators to the successful transition of adolescents living with HIV from pediatric to adult care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and policy analysis

2019

The purpose of this systematic review was twofold. First, we sought to summarize the literature on barriers and facilitators to successful healthcare transition for adolescents living with HIV from low-...

Use of an indeterminate range in HIV early infant diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

BACKGROUND: Expanded access to HIV antiretrovirals has dramatically reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, there is increasing concern around false-positive HIV test results in perinatally HIV-exposed infants but few insights...

Interventions to reduce gender-based violence among young people living with or affected by HIV/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries

2019

OBJECTIVE(S): This study explored the effectiveness of gender-based violence (GBV) interventions on young people living with or affected by HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN: Systematic review and...

The effects of decentralising antiretroviral therapy care delivery on health outcomes for adolescents and young adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

2019

Background: Decentralisation of antiretroviral therapy has been implemented to scale up HIV care provision for patients in resource-limited countries. Youth living with HIV demonstrate the poorest care outcomes, compared to...

Getting youth PrEPared: Adolescent consent laws and implications for the availability of PrEP among youth in countries outside of the United States

2019

INTRODUCTION: Youth under the age of 25 are at high risk for HIV infection. While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to curb new infections within this population, it is...

Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil

2019

OBJECTIVE: The present literature review aims to highlight gaps in the treatment of preventative mother-to-child HIV transmission and the risk factors in Brazil. METHODS: Among the 425 articles identified in...

What will it take for the global plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV?

2019

BACKGROUND: The 2016 ‘Start Free, Stay Free, AIDS Free’ global agenda, builds on the 2011-2015 ‘Global Plan’. It prioritises 22 countries where 90% of the world’s HIV-positive pregnant women live...

Guides concerning tenofovir exposure via breastfeeding: A comparison of drug dosages by developmental stage

2019

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of tenofovir, and after being administrated orally, it converts to tenofovir in the blood. With the increasing use of TDF in women for...

Causal effects of education on sexual and reproductive health in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: Despite strong theoretical grounding, important gaps in knowledge remain regarding the degree to which there is a causal relationship between education and sexual and reproductive health, as many claims have...

Immunogenicity and safety of measles vaccine in HIV-infected children: An updated systematic review

2019

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at increased risk of measles morbidity and mortality. We searched abstracts from the PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences databases for...

Safety and immunogenicity of measles vaccination in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have an increased risk of measles that may be due to altered immune responses or suboptimal timing of measles vaccination. We aimed to...

Risk factors for indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children-A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

Background: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are well-established immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in adults. In children these tests are associated with higher rates of false-negative and indeterminate results. Age is...

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