Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Adolescents with HIV and transition to adult care in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, Eastern Europe and Asia and Pacific regions

2017

INTRODUCTION: The HIV epidemics in the Caribbean, Central America and South America (CCASA), Eastern Europe (EE) and Asia and Pacific (AP) regions are diverse epidemics affecting different key populations in...

Transition from paediatric to adult care of adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges, youth-friendly models, and outcomes

2017

INTRODUCTION: The number of adolescents with perinatally or behaviourally acquired HIV is increasing in low-income countries, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence and incidence are the highest. As...

Optimal anti-retroviral prophylaxis in infants at high-risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus: A systematic review

2017

INTRODUCTION: The risk of perinatal HIV infection can be dramatically reduced through maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) and infant antiretroviral (ARV) postnatal prophylaxis. The 2013 WHO guidelines recommended four to six...

Elective cesarean section for women living with HIV: A systematic review of risks and benefits

2017

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To inform WHO guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes comparing cesarean section (c-section) before labor and rupture of membranes...

Performance of virological testing for early infant diagnosis: A systematic review

2017

BACKGROUND: Improved access to both maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) and infant prophylaxis may have an impact on the performance of virological assays for diagnosis of HIV infection in infants. This...

Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

INTRODUCTION: To systematically review the literature on mother-to-child transmission in breastfed infants whose mothers received antiretroviral therapy and support the process of updating the World Health Organization infant feeding guidelines...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected children

2017

INTRODUCTION: Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among HIV-infected children is 20-40 fold greater compared to HIV-uninfected children, including among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, HIV-exposed, uninfected children...

Safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral therapy regimens in pregnancy for HIV-infected women and their infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on adverse effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on pregnant women and their infants. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies...

Economic impact of routine opt-out antenatal HIV screening: A systematic review

2017

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the economic impact of routine testing of HIV in antenatal (ANC) settings. BACKGROUND: Many children are being infected with HIV through mother to child transmission (MTCT) of...

Maternal HCV infection is associated with intrauterine fetal growth disturbance: A meta-analysis of observational studies

2016

Since the evidence regarding the association between maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and impaired intrauterine fetal growth had not been conclusive, the aim of the present study was to...

Adverse effects of oral second-line antituberculosis drugs in children

2016

INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of children with drug-resistant tuberculosis are accessing second-line antituberculosis drugs; these are more toxic than first-line drugs. Little is known about the safety of new antituberculosis drugs...

Cerebrovascular disease in children with HIV-1 infection

2016

An estimated 3.2 million children worldwide have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in prolonged survival, leading to an increase in complications previously recognized in adults....

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