Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Pattern of infectious morbidity in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children

2016

BACKGROUND: Almost 30% of children in Southern Africa are HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) and experience exposures that could increase vulnerability to infectious diseases compared to HIV unexposed (HU) children....

TB as a cause of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality among people living with HIV worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant progress in improving access to antiretroviral therapy over the past decade, substantial numbers of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in all regions continue to experience severe illness...

Comparisons of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a high-risk population in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

BACKGROUND: Reports on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence are scare in China; we performed this meta-analysis to estimate ART adherence rates in different populations at high risk for HIV transmission in...

Children seeking refuge: A review of the escalating humanitarian crisis of child sexual abuse and HIV/AIDS in Latin America

2015

Early identification and intervention for victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) is essential to halting the spread of HIV in Latino populations because children who are sexually abused are at...

Providing comprehensive health services for young key populations: Needs, barriers and gaps

2015

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a time of physical, emotional and social transitions that have implications for health. In addition to being at high risk for HIV, young key populations (YKP) may...

Cytomegalovirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed and hiv-infected infants: A systematic review

2016

Cytomegalovirus is highly prevalent worldwide and an important opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The effects of cytomegalovirus infection on HIV-exposed infants are poorly understood. We conducted a...

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

2015

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits for all pregnant women. Almost half of pregnant women worldwide, and especially in developing countries do...

HIV-free survival at 12 – 24 months in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART

2016

OBJECTIVE: To provide estimates of HIV-free survival at 12-24 months in breastfed children by maternal ART (6 months or lifelong) to inform WHO HIV and Infant Feeding guidelines. METHODS: Eighteen...

Mapping the epidemiology of Kaposi Sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review

2016

Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of developing Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) compared to HIV-negative children. We compiled currently published epidemiologic data on...

Mortality risk and associated factors in HIV-exposed, uninfected children

2016

OBJECTIVE: With increasing maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART), the number of children newly infected with HIV has declined. However, the possible increased mortality in the large number of HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU)...

Option B+ for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in developing countries: A review of published cost-effectiveness analyses

2016

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on the cost effectiveness of Option B+ (lifelong antiretroviral therapy) for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding to inform decision...

Incidence and prevalence of opportunistic and other infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

BACKGROUND: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of 14 opportunistic infections (OIs) and other infections as well as the impact of antiretroviral therapy...

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