Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

The World Health Organization has produced guidelines for the management of common illnesses in hospitals with limited resources. This series reviews the scientific evidence behind WHO’s recommendations. The WHO guidelines,...

Background: Policy makers, health staff and communities recognise that health services in lower- and middle-income countries need to improve people’s access to HIV treatment and retention to treatment programmes. One...

BACKGROUND: Stigma, discrimination, lack of privacy, and long waiting times partly explain why six out of ten individuals living with HIV do not access facility-based testing. By circumventing these barriers,...

Background: We aimed to assess whether interferon- release assays (IGRAs) can predict the development of active tuberculosis and whether the predictive ability of these tests is better than that of...

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are generally used as replacement therapy for humoral immunodeficiencies. In consideration of their immune-modulating properties, they are also employed as “immune-modulating/ anti-inflammatory” treatment in different clinical conditions....

Background: Observational studies have suggested that low serum vitamin levels are associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and increased preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the efficacy of...

Existing empirical evidence has well documented the role of social support in both physical and psychological well-being among various populations. In the context of HIV prevention, the rapid increase of...

BACKGROUND: Prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programs have made it possible to achieve dramatic reductions in the rate of vertical HIV transmission. However, high attrition, particularly after delivery, has limited the impact of...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis....

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A systematic review of studies that were published between...

Introduction: Informing children of their own HIV status is an important aspect of long-term disease management, yet there is little evidence of how and when this type of disclosure takes...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of guidelines, consensus statements and systematic reviews on flu and pneumococcal immunisations in HIV-infected children. METHOD: The authors screened PubMed and Embase databases until the...