Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection
Background Antiretroviral drugs (ARV) reduce viral replication and can reduce mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV either by lowing plasma viral load in pregnant women or through post‐exposure prophylaxis in their newborns....
School based sex education and HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVES: School-based sex education is a cornerstone of HIV prevention for adolescents who continue to bear a disproportionally high HIV burden globally. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the existing evidence...
Impact of parent-child communication interventions on sex behaviors and cognitive outcomes for black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino youth: A systematic review, 1988-2012
PURPOSE: We reviewed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI)- behavioral interventions implemented with disproportionately affected black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino youth and designed to improve parent-child communications about sex....
Nevirapine-based regimens in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND: Nevirapine belongs to the group of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and is commonly administered in first-line treatment of HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: Systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to...
Nothing as Practical as a Good Theory? The Theoretical Basis of HIV Prevention Interventions for Young People in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were...
Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes with other health services for preventing HIV infection and improving HIV outcomes in developing countries
BACKGROUND: Every year nearly 400,000 children are infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which is responsible for more than 90% of HIV infections in children. In high-income countries, the...
A systematic review of cognitive development and child human immunodeficiency virus infection
The objective was to systematically review measures and effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on neurocognitive outcomes for children. Published studies were identified through the use of electronic databases (Cochrane...
Systematic review of interventions to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, among young people in Europe
AIM: To examine the effectiveness of interventions seeking to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, among young people in the European Union. METHODS: For this systematic...
Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults: A meta-analysis with recommendations for clinical practice and study design
PURPOSE: To do a meta-analysis of studies that have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in...
Optimal monitoring strategies for guiding when to switch first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens for treatment failure in adults and adolescents living with HIV in low-resource settings
BACKGROUND: One of the critical clinical decisions made in antiretroviral therapy (ART) is when to switch from an initial regimen to another due to treatment failure. This complex process requires...
Home-based care for reducing morbidity and mortality in people infected with HIV/AIDS
BACKGROUND: Home-based care (HBC), to promote quality-of-life and limit hospital care, is used in many countries, especially where public health services are overburdened. OBJECTIVES: This review assessed the effects of...
Systematic review of the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies in reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical trials of...
