Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults: A meta-analysis with recommendations for clinical practice and study design
PURPOSE: To do a meta-analysis of studies that have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in...
Optimal monitoring strategies for guiding when to switch first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens for treatment failure in adults and adolescents living with HIV in low-resource settings
BACKGROUND: One of the critical clinical decisions made in antiretroviral therapy (ART) is when to switch from an initial regimen to another due to treatment failure. This complex process requires...
Home-based care for reducing morbidity and mortality in people infected with HIV/AIDS
BACKGROUND: Home-based care (HBC), to promote quality-of-life and limit hospital care, is used in many countries, especially where public health services are overburdened. OBJECTIVES: This review assessed the effects of...
Systematic review of the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies in reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical trials of...
Mother’s CD4+ count moderates the risk associated with higher parity for late postnatal HIV-free survival of breastfed children: An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Risk association studies of late postnatal outcomes for children breastfed by HIV-1 positive mothers have had inconsistent findings and have not explored interactions among risk factors. This study addresses these...
Antiretroviral therapy for children in resource-limited settings: Current regimens and the role of newer agents
WHO antiretroviral treatment guidelines for HIV-infected children have influenced the design of treatment programmes in resource-limited settings. This review analyses the latest WHO first- and second-line regimen recommendations. The recommendation...
Children who acquire HIV infection perinatally are at higher risk of early death than those acquiring infection through breastmilk: A meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Assumptions about survival of HIV-infected children in Africa without antiretroviral therapy need to be updated to inform ongoing UNAIDS modelling of paediatric HIV epidemics among children. Improved estimates of...
A systematic review of psychological functioning of children exposed to HIV: Using evidence to plan for tomorrow’s HIV needs
Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV can virtually eliminate paediatric HIV infection. Studies are needed to understand child development outcomes for children exposed to HIV in utero but...
Pulmonary tuberculosis in severely-malnourished or HIV-infected children with pneumonia: A review
Presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as acute pneumonia in severely-malnourished and HIV-positive children has received very little attention, although this is very important in the management of pneumonia in children...
The uptake of integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The objective of this review was to assess the uptake of WHO recommended integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV interventions in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS...
Sexual health behavior interventions for U.S. Latino adolescents: A systematic review of the literature
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify sexual health behavior interventions targeting U.S. Latino adolescents. DESIGN: A systematic literature review. SETTING: Peer-reviewed articles published between 1993 and 2011, conducted in any type of...
