Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
A systematic review of heterosexual anal intercourse and its role in the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in Papua New Guinea
BACKGROUND: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the highest adult HIV prevalence in the Pacific region. Despite this burden of disease, heterosexual...
Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children: A review of the literature and recommendations for future research
BACKGROUND: To date, research on mental health in HIV-affected children (children who have an HIV-positive caregiver or live with the virus themselves) has focused on risk factors associated with the...
HIV-1-resistance-associated mutations after failure of first-line antiretroviral treatment among children in resource-poor regions: A systematic review
HIV-positive children are at high risk of drug resistance, which is of particular concern in settings where antiretroviral options are limited. In this Review we explore resistance rates and patterns...
Stavudine or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naive individuals
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) as treatment for HIV infection has greatly improved mortality and morbidity for adults and children living with HIV around the world....
Radiographic features of paediatric pneumocystis pneumonia — A historical perspective
AIM: To determine differences between the plain radiographic features of paediatric pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) recorded before the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1982 and those documented in the...
Interventions for young people in Australia to reduce HIV and sexually transmissible infections: A systematic review
Background: Like young people in other developed countries, sexually active young Australians can have an increased risk of acquiring sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This paper reviews intervention programs that aim...
Sexual health education interventions for young people: A methodological review
Objectives: To locate reports of sexual health education interventions for young people, assess the methodological quality of evaluations, identify the subgroup with a methodologically sound design, and assess the evidence...
Systematic review of abstinence-plus HIV prevention programs in high-income countries
BACKGROUND: Abstinence-plus (comprehensive) interventions promote sexual abstinence as the best means of preventing HIV, but also encourage condom use and other safer-sex practices. Some critics of abstinence-plus programs have suggested...
Treatment for leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma in children with HIV infection
BACKGROUND: Smooth muscle tumour (SMT) composed of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma recently has been described in many HIV-infected children. Leiomyosarcoma has become the second most frequent malignancy in children with HIV...
Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: A review of the contribution of provider-initiated testing & counselling
Objective To assess the contribution of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) to achieving universal testing of pregnant women and, from available data on components of PITC, assess whether PITC adoption...
Reaching youth with out-of-facility HIV and reproductive health services: A systematic review
Purpose: Many young people, particularly those who are marginalized and most at risk for HIV and reproductive health-related problems, cannot or will not seek traditional facility-based health services. Policies and...
