Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

A meta-analytic evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants

1996

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants. DATA SOURCES: We used studies...

Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals

2012

Background: More than 30 years into the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, infection rates remain alarmingly high, with over 2.7 million people becoming infected every year. There is a need for HIV...

Prevalence, severity, and duration of thrombocytopenia among HIV patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

2011

Thrombocytopenia is a clinically relevant outcome in HIV. However, the epidemiology of this condition, including frequency, severity, and duration, has not been well-characterized in the era of highly active antiretroviral...

Impact of tuberculosis preventive therapy on tuberculosis and mortality in HIV-infected children

2009

BACKGROUND: Children with HIV are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis (TB), a common cause of acute and chronic respiratory disease and death in HIV-infected children living in areas where...

Vaginal disinfection for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection

2005

BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV infection is one of the most tragic consequences of the HIV epidemic, especially in resource-limited countries, resulting in about 650 000 new paediatric HIV...

The impact of community mobilisation on HIV prevention in middle and low income countries: A systematic review and critique.

2014

While community mobilisation (CM) is increasingly advocated for HIV prevention, its impact on measurable outcomes has not been established. We performed a systematic review of the impact of CM within...

Meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions on the sexual risk behavior of sexually experienced adolescents in controlled studies in the United States

2002

To estimate the effect of behavioral and social interventions on sexual risk of HIV among sexually experienced adolescents in the United States and to assess factors associated with variation in...

HIV risk reduction behavioral interventions with heterosexual adolescents

2000

This article provides a comprehensive review of research on the effects of behavioral interventions on heterosexual adolescents’ HIV sexual-risk behavior. It details adolescents’ risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection and...

Treatment non-adherence in pediatric long-term medical conditions: Systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies of caregivers’ views

2014

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to prescribed treatments is the primary cause of treatment failure in pediatric long-term conditions. Greater understanding of parents and caregivers’ reasons for non-adherence can help to address this...

Yellow fever vaccine for patients with HIV infection

2014

BACKGROUND: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease prevalent in tropical Africa and Latin America. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 200,000 cases of YF...

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to improve health among people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review

2013

DESIGN:: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are at increased risk of diarrhoeal disease and enteric infection. This review assesses the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions to prevent...

Motivational interviewing for improving outcomes in youth living with HIV

2012

BACKGROUND: Almost half of all the new HIV infections occur in youth. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counselling technique that is effective in bringing about positive behavior changes in the...

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