Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB

2013

Background: Preventing active tuberculosis (TB) from developing in people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for global TB control. Isoniazid (INH) for six to nine months has 60% to...

Screening for HIV: Systematic review to update the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation

2012

BACKGROUND: A 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review found good evidence that HIV screening is accurate and that antiretroviral therapy (ART) for immunologically advanced disease is associated with...

Costs of interventions for AIDS orphans and vulnerable children

2011

OBJECTIVE: To review the published and grey literature for information regarding the costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children owing to HIV/AIDS...

Immunomodulatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in HIV-1 disease: A systematic review

2011

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are generally used as replacement therapy for humoral immunodeficiencies. In consideration of their immune-modulating properties, they are also employed as “immune-modulating/ anti-inflammatory” treatment in different clinical conditions....

Vitamin supplementation for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and pre-term delivery: A systematic review of randomized trial including more than 2800 women

2005

Background: Observational studies have suggested that low serum vitamin levels are associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and increased preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the efficacy of...

Social support and HIV-related risk behaviors: A systematic review of the global literature

2014

Existing empirical evidence has well documented the role of social support in both physical and psychological well-being among various populations. In the context of HIV prevention, the rapid increase of...

Improved access to early infant diagnosis is a critical part of a child-centric prevention of mother-to-child transmission agenda

2013

BACKGROUND: Prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programs have made it possible to achieve dramatic reductions in the rate of vertical HIV transmission. However, high attrition, particularly after delivery, has limited the impact of...

Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis....

Systematic review on the etiology and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children

2011

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A systematic review of studies that were published between...

Disclosure of HIV status to children in resource-limited settings: A systematic review

2013

Introduction: Informing children of their own HIV status is an important aspect of long-term disease management, yet there is little evidence of how and when this type of disclosure takes...

Flu and pneumococcal immunisations in HIV-infected children: Methodological quality of current recommendations

2011

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of guidelines, consensus statements and systematic reviews on flu and pneumococcal immunisations in HIV-infected children. METHOD: The authors screened PubMed and Embase databases until the...

Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection

2011

BACKGROUND: Achieving and maintaining high levels of medication adherence are required to achieve the full benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet suboptimal adherence among children is common in both developed...

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