Category Archives: Treatment

HIV-1 is responsible for the development of a spectrum of cognitive impairments known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HAND remains prevalent in people...

Incidence of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV has increased as overall survival has improved because of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Arterial stiffness is a composite indicator of cardiovascular...

Over the past few years, neuroimaging studies have been performed in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) to study the impact of HIV infection on the central nervous system...

Introduction: Cumulative use of some first-generation protease inhibitors has been associated with higher rates of dyslipidemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The protease inhibitors most commonly in use are...

HIV infection causes a constant activation of the immune system and contributes to an enhanced systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, which has been associated with premature aging and frailty. We performed...

The prevalence of transmitted non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance around the world has been estimated up to 2010. Treatment recommendations have since evolved from NNRTIs to integrase strand inhibitors...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women can breastfeed with minimal risk of mother-to-child transmission if taking antiretrovirals. Guidelines surrounding infant feeding for HIV-positive women have evolved several times over the last...

Several studies analyze overall healthcare costs, pharmacy costs, and cost savings among people living with HIV relative to level of ART adherence. Generally, adherence to ART appears to predict levels...

As of 2017, the annual cost of single-tablet antiretrovirals (ART) in Ontario was estimated to be CAD 15,552 according to the Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary. Universal, no-cost ART for all...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HIV-positive drug users’ poor adherence to antiretroviral regimens can pose a significant and negative impact on individual and global health. This review aims to identify knowledge gaps...

BACKGROUND: The mobilization of resources to prevent and treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is unparalleled in the history of public health. The uptake of antiretroviral...

BACKGROUND: Because alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in patients living with HIV/AIDS are associated with a reduction in therapeutic outcomes and increases the risk of morbidity/mortality, finding an appropriate pharmacotherapy treatment...