Category Archives: Treatment
Cost-effectiveness of anti-retroviral adherence interventions for people living with HIV: A systematic review of decision analytical models
BACKGROUND: Although safe and effective anti-retrovirals (ARVs) are readily available, non-adherence to ARVs is highly prevalent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLWHA). Different adherence-improving interventions have...
Oral hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: A systematic review and pooled prevalence
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects patients via CD4+ cells which are later be destroyed subsequently causing the deteriotation of immune system. HIV generally manifests in the oral cavity as the...
The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The risk of sexual transmission of HIV from individuals with low-level HIV viraemia receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has important public health implications, especially in resource-limited settings that use alternatives...
Safety and efficacy of long-acting injectable agents for HIV-1: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: HIV-1 infection continues to affect global health. Although antiretrovirals can reduce the viral load or prevent HIV-1 infection, current drugs require daily oral use with a high adherence level. Long-acting...
A systematic review on cardiometabolic risks and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have been shown to cause metabolic changes in people living with HIV (PLWH), predisposing them to cardiometabolic disease (CVMD). However, such evidence is less established in...
Adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020: Systematic review and meta-analyses
Background: Maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are associated with increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. The vast majority of pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) reside in sub-Saharan Africa....
Characterizing blood pressure trajectories in people living with HIV following antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review
Objectives: The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Due to increased survival, PLWH have now been found to be at...
The use of azithromycin and pyrimethamine for treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A systematic review
PURPOSE: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is widely distributed around the globe and can cause brain inflammation, particularly in immunosuppressed patients such as those diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus...
Does engagement in HIV care affect screening, diagnosis, and control of noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: Low- and middle-income countries are facing a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Providing HIV treatment may also provide opportunities to increase access to NCD services in under-resourced environments....
Can contingency management solve the problem of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in drug-dependent individuals?
Drug misuse among people living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is associated with higher mortality. It is a frequently observed reason for treatment abandonment, with people who misuse drugs showing...
Pharmacotherapeutic interventions in people living with HIV undergoing solid organ transplantation: A scoping review
The pharmacotherapeutic management of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT) is clinically challenging, mainly due to the frequent occurrence of complex drug-drug interactions. Although various strategies...
Barriers to uptake of PrEP across the continuum among transgender women: A global scoping review
BACKGROUND: Although preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated high efficacy for HIV prevention, rates of PrEP uptake remain low among the transgender population, especially in transgender women (TGW). We conducted this...
