Category Archives: Prevention, Engagement and Care Cascade
Considerations for implementing oral preexposure prophylaxis: A literature review
Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is in its infancy as an approved biomedical intervention; therefore, research is needed to understand the issues surrounding its implementation. The purpose of this literature review...
Efficacy and safety of cesarean delivery for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
BACKGROUND: Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes (“elective cesarean section”, or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The...
Unstructured treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice: A systematic review
Objective To characterize the frequency, reasons, risk factors, and consequences of unstructured anti-retroviral treatment interruptions. Method Systematic review. Results Seventy studies were included. The median proportion of patients interrupting treatment...
Vitamin A supplementation for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is the dominant mode of acquisition of HIV infection for children, currently resulting in more than 2000 new paediatric HIV infections each day worldwide....
Cotrimoxazole for prophylaxis or treatment of opportunistic infections of HIV/AIDS in patients with previous history of hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infections continue to cause a significant amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide in patients infected with HIV. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of several...
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America: A meta-analysis
CONTEXT: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a powerful predictor of survival for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS. Concerns about incomplete adherence among patients living in poverty...
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in HIV-positive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: International treatment guidelines recommend that HIV-positive patients be vaccinated for influenza annually. Evidence supporting this recommendation is limited. We assessed the efficacy of influenza vaccines in preventing influenza in...
Selenium supplementation in HIV-infected patients: Is there any potential clinical benefit?
In HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, the question of whether selenium supplementation has any therapeutic benefit is still open. With recent popular coverage of this issue, many patients have considered...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART-eligible pregnant women
BACKGROUND: This systematic review focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in ART-eligible pregnant women. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the primary means by which children...
Meta-analyses on behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV
Different behavioral interventions have found to be efficacious in reducing high-risk sexual activity. Interventions have been evaluated in both original research and meta-analytic reviews. Most of the studies have shown...
Linking sexual and reproductive health and HIV interventions: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The international community agrees that the Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved without ensuring universal access to both sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment,...
