Category Archives: Prevention, Engagement and Care Cascade
Treatment non-adherence in pediatric long-term medical conditions: Systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies of caregivers’ views
BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to prescribed treatments is the primary cause of treatment failure in pediatric long-term conditions. Greater understanding of parents and caregivers’ reasons for non-adherence can help to address this...
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in Asia, 1995-2009
The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow in pockets across Asia, despite early successes at curtailing its spread in countries like Thailand. Recent evidence documents dramatic increases in incidence among risk...
The use of brief interventions adapted from motivational interviewing across behavioral domains: A systematic review
AIMS: To examine the effectiveness of brief behavioral interventions adapting the principles and techniques of Motivational Interviewing (MI) to four behavioral domains: substance abuse, smoking, HIV risk and diet/exercise. DESIGN:...
Child-rearing practices of primary caregivers of HIV-infected children: An integrative review of the literature
The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children has increased because of the HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. Yet little is known about the child-rearing practices of these children’s...
Lower pill burden and once-daily antiretroviral treatment regimens for HIV infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
BACKGROUND: Contemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens are simpler than in the past, with lower pill burden and once-daily dosing frequency common. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to...
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the treatment of active tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of poor outcomes in active tuberculosis. We updated a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effects of duration of rifamycins, schedule...
Effects of vitamin D deficiency and combination antiretroviral therapy on bone in HIV-positive patients
Objectives: In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), vitamin D deficiency, low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures have emerged as subjects of concern in HIV-positive patients. Testing for...
Three- or four- versus two-drug antiretroviral maintenance regimens for HIV infection
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral therapy administered to HIV-infected individuals has been shown to improve immunologic function and delay the progression of HIV infection. However, because patient adherence to complicated combination-therapy antiretroviral...
Redressing the epidemics of opioid overdose and HIV among people who inject drugs in Central Asia: The need for a syndemic approach
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that opioid overdose and HIV infection are burgeoning intertwined epidemics among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Central Asia. To date, however, research on overdose and...
Pharmacologic perspectives for once-daily antiretroviral therapy
OBJECTIVE: To contrast available once-daily antiretroviral agents and combinations of these agents from a clinical pharmacologic viewpoint. DATA SOURCES: Data were extracted from publications and major HIV conference proceedings cited...
Treatment outcomes after highly active antiretroviral therapy: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
This systematic review summarises the evidence for treatment efficacy and tolerability of highly active antiretroviral therapies containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) with a protease inhibitor (PI), compared with...
