Category Archives: Prevention

CONTEXT: Adolescent pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problems in the U.S. Implementing group-based interventions that address the sexual behavior of adolescents may reduce...

Background: Observational studies have suggested that low serum vitamin levels are associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and increased preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the efficacy of...

The global community has set goals of virtual elimination of new child HIV infections and 50 percent reduction in HIV-related maternal mortality by the year 2015. Although much progress has...

BACKGROUND: At the end of 1998 over 33 million people were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and over one million children had been infected from their mothers. OBJECTIVES:...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into antenatal care (ANC) and maternal and child health (MCH) clinics could improve programmatic and patient outcomes. METHODS: The authors systematically searched...

Background The majority of HIV-infected children acquire the infection from their mothers. Preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is a key step in reducing the number of paediatric HIV infections....

Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) have been shown to be efficacious in decreasing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. A summary estimate of the efficacy of ARVs in reducing MTCT is important for...

OBJECTIVE: There has been much debate about the value of condoms in HIV/STI programming. This should be informed by evidence about intervention impact on condom use, but there is limited...

INTRODUCTION: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and women but who do not identify as gay or disclose their bisexual activities to main female partners, also known as...

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of international HIV prevention interventions designed to reduce sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We performed a comprehensive search of...

Effective community-level HIV prevention strategies have the potential to reach large numbers of at-risk individuals at relatively small per-capita costs, and therefore to be highly cost-effective. We review the published...

This paper reviews the existing evidence base of the costs of prevention activities in sub-Saharan Africa, considers the degree of comparability between different cost estimates and highlights factors that are important in attempting...