Category Archives: Biomedical interventions

Background: Dual-method contraception refers to using condoms as well as another modern method of contraception. The latter (usually non-barrier) method is commonly hormonal (e.g., oral contraceptives) or a non-hormonal intrauterine...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into antenatal care (ANC) and maternal and child health (MCH) clinics could improve programmatic and patient outcomes. METHODS: The authors systematically searched...

Despite efforts to increase the uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services, coverage is still lower than desired in developing countries. A lack of male...

PURPOSE: We wanted to assess the safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: We systematically searched The York Centre for Reviews and...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) -associated anogenital warts have a prevalence of up to 78% in sexually active men. Some HPV subtypes bear a considerable oncogenic potential. Materials & methods: Original...

This paper reviews the pharmacoeconomic aspects of antenatal testing for HIV. HIV is a retrovirus which is transmitted among humans through sexual contact, infected blood or blood products (needle sharing...

Both HIV and sexual assault remain major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines the state of the science regarding provision of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual assault...

Objective: To review the effectiveness of projects and programs in developing countries that aim to reduce sexual transmission of HIV infection or transmission related to injection drug use. Design: We...

OBJECTIVES: Adherence is critical for maximizing the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection. Strategies for promoting adherence to HIV treatment, and their potential application to PrEP adherence,...

BACKGROUND: Many reports point to the beneficial effect of male partner involvement in programs for the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in curbing pediatric HIV infections. This paper summarizes...

The global community has committed itself to eliminating new pediatric HIV infections by 2015 and improving maternal, newborn, and child health and survival in the context of HIV. Such objectives...

BACKGROUND: Two decades of research on topical microbicides for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have had limited success. However, new microbicide randomised controlled trial (RCT) data have recently been...