Category Archives: Biomedical interventions

BACKGROUND: The objective of this review was to assess the uptake of WHO recommended integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV interventions in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS...

Vaginal preexposure prophylaxis is a promising biomedical tool for HIV prevention. Although guidelines for the clinical assessment of microbicides are available, validated markers for product safety are lacking. To inform...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review epidemiologic evidence assessing whether hormonal contraception alters the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive woman to an HIV-negative male partner. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: We...

Women are at significant risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition with the genital mucosa serving as the main portal of infection. Exogenously supplied lactobacillus...

BACKGROUND: Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes (“elective cesarean section”, or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The...

Objectives To quantify attrition between women testing HIV-positive in pregnancy-related services and accessing long-term HIV care and treatment services in low- or middle-income countries and to explore the reasons underlying...

There is debate on the role of male circumcision in HIV transmission. Most case-control and cohort studies from Africa have shown an association between a lack of circumcision and an...

Background: Dual-method contraception refers to using condoms as well as another modern method of contraception. The latter (usually non-barrier) method is commonly hormonal (e.g., oral contraceptives) or a non-hormonal intrauterine...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into antenatal care (ANC) and maternal and child health (MCH) clinics could improve programmatic and patient outcomes. METHODS: The authors systematically searched...

Despite efforts to increase the uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services, coverage is still lower than desired in developing countries. A lack of male...

PURPOSE: We wanted to assess the safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: We systematically searched The York Centre for Reviews and...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) -associated anogenital warts have a prevalence of up to 78% in sexually active men. Some HPV subtypes bear a considerable oncogenic potential. Materials & methods: Original...