Category Archives: Nonmedicinal drugs

HIV epidemiology among female sex workers and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

2019

BACKGROUND: HIV epidemiology among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is poorly understood. We addressed this gap through a comprehensive...

Multi-level experiences and determinants of alcohol misuse and illicit drug use among occupational groups at high-risk of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A thematic synthesis of qualitative findings

2019

Occupational groups at high-risk of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) may be at increased risk of substance use because of occupation-related factors. We synthesised qualitative data on determinants and context...

HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and related factors in Iran: A systematic review, meta-analysis and trend analysis

2019

AIMS: In Iran, injecting drug use has been the major route of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. In order to control the HIV epidemic, a harm reduction program was initiated...

Comparing injecting and sexual risk behaviors of long-term injectors with new injectors: A meta-analysis

2019

The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of injection duration on injection and sexual high-risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID), in order to inform development of intensive...

The HIV-related risk factors of the cisgender male sexual partners of transgender women (MSTW) in the United States: A systematic review of the literature

2019

Cisgender male sexual partners of transgender women (MSTW) may be at risk for HIV infection. We performed a review of HIV risk factors among MSTW. We searched PubMed database for...

Prescription drug diversion among people living with HIV: A systematic scoping review

2019

OBJECTIVES: Globally, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for various infections and chronic pain, therefore, vulnerable to prescription drug diversion which might negatively impact HIV care. The...

The opioid and related drug epidemics in rural Appalachia: A systematic review of populations affected, risk factors, and infectious diseases

2019

Background/aims: To examine trends in rural Appalachian opioid and related drug epidemics during the past 10 years, including at-risk populations, substance use shifts and correlates, and associated infections. Methods: We...

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and acceptability among trans women: a review

2019

Transgender (trans) women are disproportionally burdened by the HIV epidemic due to complex structural, psychosocial and biological factors. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical prevention approach for people at...

Sexualized drug use (chemsex and methamphetamine) and men who have sex with men

2019

Key take-home messages Chemsex and methamphetamine use are associated with sexual health-related harms among men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine is the most commonly reported drug in sexualized drug...

Pre-exposure prophylaxis use and medication adherence among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of the literature

2019

The appropriate use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by men who have sex with men (MSM) can be highly effective at reducing HIV transmission. Our review examined prevalence estimates, sexual behaviors,...

How does hard-to-reach status affect antiretroviral therapy adherence in the HIV-infected population? Results from a meta-analysis of observational studies

2019

BACKGROUND: Socially disadvantaged groups, such as drug users, sex workers and homeless individuals, are labelled as “hard-to-reach” (HTR) in public health and medical research. HIV disproportionately impacts these populations, but...

Risk factors for prescription drug diversion among people living with HIV: A systematic scoping review

2019

BACKGROUND: In addition to numerous infections and frequent pain constantly affecting people living with HIV (PLWH), various risk factors might contribute to prescription drug diversion. The purpose of the study...

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