Category Archives: Nonmedicinal drugs

Socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors of female sex workers in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review

2012

Sex work remains an important contributor to HIV transmission within early, advanced and regressing epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa, but its social and behavioral underpinnings remain poorly understood, limiting the impact...

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

2012

Objective: There are multiple reasons why females who inject drugs may be more likely to become infected with HIV than males who inject drugs. Where this is the case, special...

HIV infection associated post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth – A systematic review

2011

The phenomenon of post-traumatic stress has been well documented in the literature as a lasting mental health condition associated with exposure to traumatic life events. The diagnosis and experience of...

Effectiveness of different models of case management for substance-abusing populations

2007

Case management has been implemented in substance abuse treatment to improve (cost-) effectiveness, but controversy exists about its potential to realize this objective. A systematic and comprehensive review of peer-reviewed...

A review of HIV antiretroviral adherence and intervention studies among HIV-infected youth

2009

Advances in antiretroviral medications have resulted in precipitous declines in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality; however, high levels of adherence are crucial to the success of HIV therapies. This article reviews...

Motivational interviewing

2005

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive therapeutic style to enhance readiness for change by helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence. An evolution of Rogers’s person-centered counseling approach, MI elicits...

HIV prevalence amongst injecting drug users in Iran: A systematic review of studies conducted during the decade 1998-2007

2012

Background and objectives: Iran is a country with low HIV prevalence in the general population and concentrated prevalence amongst injecting drug users (IDUs). Various studies have been carried out on...

The use of incentives to reinforce medication adherence

2012

Objective: Poor medication adherence is a longstanding problem, and is especially pertinent for individuals with chronic conditions or diseases. Adherence to medications can improve patient outcomes and greatly reduce the...

Fathers and HIV: Considerations for families

2010

BACKGROUND: Fathers are intricately bound up in all aspects of family life. This review examines fathers in the presence of HIV: from desire for a child, through conception issues, to...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk behaviors of Hispanics in the United States and Puerto Rico

2007

This systematic review examines the overall efficacy of HIV behavioral interventions designed to reduce HIV risk behaviors or incident sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among Hispanics residing in the United States...

HIV risk behavior self-report reliability at different recall periods

2010

Few studies have investigated the optimal length of recall period for self-report of sex and drug-use behaviors. This meta-analysis of 28 studies examined the test-retest reliability of three commonly used...

The expanding epidemics of HIV type 1 among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: Diversity and consistency

2010

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have borne a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and remain a markedly underresourced population globally. To better describe HIV epidemics...

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