Category Archives: Nonmedicinal drugs

Epidemiology, responses, and way forward: The silent epidemic of viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Vietnam

2012

Viral hepatitis is a disease of great concern to public health that is now met by a favorable momentum to combat the global epidemic. This article is intended to highlight...

HIV risks among injecting drug users in Vietnam: A review of the research evidence

2012

Injecting drug use plays a critical role in the transmission of HIV in Vietnam. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies on risks of HIV infection among injecting drug...

Antiretroviral adherence interventions: Translating research findings to the real world clinic

2010

The success of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection is compromised primarily by failure to maintain optimal levels of adherence over the long term. Recent reviews suggest behavioral...

HIV infection and risk of overdose: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2012

Drug overdose is a common cause of non-AIDS death among people with HIV and the leading cause of death for people who inject drugs. People with HIV are often exposed...

Ethical and regulatory considerations in HIV prevention studies employing respondent-driven sampling

2009

OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific, ethical, and regulatory literature because no official guidance exists on remuneration for participant-driven recruitment or on investigators’ responsibilities for informing participants of their discordant partnerships....

Socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors of female sex workers in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review

2012

Sex work remains an important contributor to HIV transmission within early, advanced and regressing epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa, but its social and behavioral underpinnings remain poorly understood, limiting the impact...

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

2012

Objective: There are multiple reasons why females who inject drugs may be more likely to become infected with HIV than males who inject drugs. Where this is the case, special...

HIV infection associated post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth – A systematic review

2011

The phenomenon of post-traumatic stress has been well documented in the literature as a lasting mental health condition associated with exposure to traumatic life events. The diagnosis and experience of...

Effectiveness of different models of case management for substance-abusing populations

2007

Case management has been implemented in substance abuse treatment to improve (cost-) effectiveness, but controversy exists about its potential to realize this objective. A systematic and comprehensive review of peer-reviewed...

A review of HIV antiretroviral adherence and intervention studies among HIV-infected youth

2009

Advances in antiretroviral medications have resulted in precipitous declines in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality; however, high levels of adherence are crucial to the success of HIV therapies. This article reviews...

Motivational interviewing

2005

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive therapeutic style to enhance readiness for change by helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence. An evolution of Rogers’s person-centered counseling approach, MI elicits...

HIV prevalence amongst injecting drug users in Iran: A systematic review of studies conducted during the decade 1998-2007

2012

Background and objectives: Iran is a country with low HIV prevalence in the general population and concentrated prevalence amongst injecting drug users (IDUs). Various studies have been carried out on...

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