Concept analysis of psychosocial distress among African American and Latine men who have sex with men: Implications for HIV care

AIM: The aim of this study is to provide conceptual clarity on psychosocial distress among African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGN: Concept analysis. METHODS: The 8-step Walker and Avant framework guided the concept analysis of psychosocial distress tailored to this patient population. DATA SOURCES: A literature review was conducted using the research databases PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, the Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus with the selected search terms. RESULTS: A total of 7 articles were retrieved and analysed to explicate the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of psychosocial distress in this population. Four cases were developed to further clarify the concept of psychosocial distress; a model case, borderline case, related case and contrary case. CONCLUSION: As experienced by African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus, psychosocial distress is defined as a state of suffering due to uncontrollable structural and/or social factors that threaten the individual’s existence and/or livelihood based on their social identity as a racial/ethnic, sexual minority. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The concept analysis of psychosocial distress can be useful to guide future theory and measurement development to enhance disease-specific and general health outcomes for sexual and racial/ethnic minoritised men who have sex with men. REPORTING METHOD: Not applicable. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

• Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
  • Determinants of Health
• Determinants of Health
  • Social support
  • Health services
  • Stigma/discrimination
• Population(s)
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Ethnoracial communities
  • General HIV+ population
• Mental Health
  • Depression
  • Other