Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in high-income countries: A systematic review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Over 2 million people in high-income countries live with HIV. Early diagnosis and treatment present benefits for infected subjects and reduce secondary transmissions. Cost-effectiveness analyses are important to effectively inform policy makers and consequently implement the most cost-effective programmes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review regarding the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in high-income countries. METHODS: We followed PRISMA statements and included all papers evaluating the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in the general population or in specific subgroups. RESULTS: Thirteen studies considered routine HIV testing in the general population. The most cost-effective option appeared to be associating one-time testing of the general population with annual screening of high-risk groups, such as injecting-drug users. Thirteen studies assessed the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in specific settings, outlining the attractiveness of similar programmes in emergency departments, primary care, sexually transmitted disease clinics and substance abuse treatment programmes. DISCUSSION: Evidence regarding the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of HIV screening is growing, even in low-prevalence countries. One-time screenings offered to the adult population appear to be a valuable choice, associated with repeated testing in high-risk populations. The evidence regarding the benefits of using a rapid test, even in terms of cost-effectiveness, is growing. Finally, HIV screening seems useful in specific settings, such as emergency departments and STD clinics.

Authors

Bert F, Gualano MR, Biancone P, Brescia V, Camussi E, Martorana M, Secinaro S, Siliquini R

Year

2018

Topics

  • Population(s)
    • Men who have sex with men
    • People who use drugs
    • Sex workers
    • General HIV+ population
    • General HIV- population
  • Prevention
    • Drug use behaviours/harm reduction
  • Testing
    • Testing
  • Health Systems
    • Financial arrangements
    • Delivery arrangements

Link

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