Incidence rate of mortality and its predictors among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV-infected adults and children globally. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the pooled mortality rate and its predictors among TB/HIV-coinfected patients in Ethiopia.
Methods
Extensive database searching was done via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google from the time of idea conception on March 1, 2023, to the last search via Google on March 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model to determine the pooled mortality rate and its predictors among TB/HIV-coinfected patients. Heterogeneity was handled using subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis.
Results
Out of 2,100 records, 18 articles were included, with 26,291 total patients. The pooled incidence rate of mortality among TB/HIV patients was 12.49 (95% CI: 9.24–15.74) per 100 person-years observation (PYO); I2 = 96.9%. The mortality rate among children and adults was 5.10 per 100 PYO (95% CI: 2.15–8.01; I2 = 84.6%) and 15.78 per 100 PYO (95% CI: 10.84–20.73; I2 = 97.7%), respectively. Age ≥ 45 (pooled hazard ratios (PHR) 2.58, 95% CI: 2.00– 3.31), unemployed (PHR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.37–3.46), not HIV-disclosed (PHR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.65–4.70), bedridden (PHR 5.89, 95% CI: 3.43–10.12), OI (PHR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.16–5.66), WHO stage IV (PHR 3.16, 95% CI: 2.18–4.58), BMI < 18.5 (PHR 4.11, 95% CI: 2.28–7.40), anemia (PHR 4.43, 95% CI: 2.73–7.18), EPTB 5.78, 95% CI: 2.61–12.78 significantly affected the mortality. The effect of TB on mortality was 1.95 times higher (PHR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.19–3.20; I2 = 0) than in TB-free individuals.
Conclusions
The mortality rate among TB/HIV-coinfected patients in Ethiopia was higher compared with many African countries. Many clinical factors were identified as significant risk factors for mortality. Therefore, TB/HIV program managers and clinicians need to design an intervention early.
Authors
Derseh NM, Agimas MC, Aragaw FM, Birhan TY, Nigatu SG, Alemayehu MA, Tesfie TK, Yehuala TZ, Godana TN, Merid MW
Year
2024
Topics
- Epidemiology and Determinants of Health
- Epidemiology
- Determinants of Health
- Determinants of Health
- Housing
- Employment
- Food security
- Education
- Other
- Population(s)
- General HIV+ population
- Prevention, Engagement and Care Cascade
- Engagement and Care Cascade
- Engagement and Care Cascade
- Treatment
- Co-infections
- Tuberculosis
